Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Tα1
2.1. Properties of Tα1
2.2. The Structure of Tα1
2.3. The Protein Binding Properties and Biosafety of Tα1
2.4. The Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Tα1
2.4.1. The Effects of Tα1 on Immune Cell
2.4.2. The Effects of Tα1 on Inflammation Related Signaling Pathways
3. The Application of Tα1 in Viral Diseases and Its Complications
3.1. COVID-19
3.2. Other Viral Diseases and Its Complications
3.2.1. Hepatitis B
3.2.2. Hepatitis C
3.2.3. AIDS
3.2.4. Sepsis
Disease | Dosage Regimen | Subjects with Tα1/Subjects | Main Results | Published Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | Tα1 + entecavir | 345/690 |
| 2018 [33] |
Tα1 | 228/468 |
| 2021 [92] | |
Tα1 | 146/558 |
| 2016 [93] | |
Tα1 + PEG-IFN-α-2a | 26/51 |
| 2012 [94] | |
Tα1 | 25/40 |
| 2010 [95] | |
Tα1 + lavmidine | 34/67 |
| 2008 [96] | |
HCV | Tα1 | 12/24 |
| 2010 [38] |
Tα1 + IFN | 22/41 |
| 2003 [97] | |
AIDS | Tα1 | 6/12 |
| 1996 [98] |
Tα1 | 13/20 |
| 2003 [99] |
4. Conclusions & Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dosage Regimen | Subjects with Tα1/Subjects | Main Results | Published Year |
---|---|---|---|
Tα1 | 269/317 |
| 2022 [76] |
306/1026 |
| 2021 [74] | |
126/275 |
| 2021 [71] | |
232/1388 |
| 2021 [68] | |
27/47 |
| 2021 [77] | |
327/771 |
| 2021 [75] | |
78/127 |
| 2020 [76] | |
36/76 |
| 2020 [70] | |
102/334 |
| 2020 [78] |
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Tao, N.; Xu, X.; Ying, Y.; Hu, S.; Sun, Q.; Lv, G.; Gao, J. Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application. Molecules 2023, 28, 3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083539
Tao N, Xu X, Ying Y, Hu S, Sun Q, Lv G, Gao J. Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application. Molecules. 2023; 28(8):3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083539
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao, Nana, Xie Xu, Yuyuan Ying, Shiyu Hu, Qingru Sun, Guiyuan Lv, and Jianli Gao. 2023. "Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application" Molecules 28, no. 8: 3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083539