Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. HPLC Analysis
2.2. Characterization of Nanoparticles
2.2.1. UV-Visible Spectroscopy
2.2.2. FTIR Analysis
2.2.3. XRD Analysis
2.2.4. SEM Analysis
2.2.5. EDX Analysis
2.2.6. Zeta Potential
2.2.7. Size Distribution Analysis (Zeta Sizer)
2.3. Biological Activities
2.3.1. Antioxidant Potential
2.3.2. Antidiabetic Activity
2.3.3. Hemolytic Activity
2.3.4. Antibacterial Activity
2.3.5. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.3.6. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.3.7. In Vivo Antipyretic Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
3.2. Synthesis of ZnO NPs
3.3. Optimisation of Nanoparticles
3.4. Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles
3.5. Biogical Activities
3.5.1. Antioxidant Potential (DPPH Assay)
3.5.2. Antidiabetic Activity
3.5.3. Hemolytic Activity
3.5.4. Anti-Bacterial Activity
3.5.5. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
3.5.6. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity
3.5.7. Antipyretic Activity
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. No | Name of Compounds | Retention Time (min) | Area (%) | Concentration (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Quercetin | 3.521 | 2.53 | 45 |
2 | Benzoic acid | 14.847 | 3.3 | 13.239 |
3 | m-coumaric acid | 20.453 | 3.8 | 1.712 |
4 | Sinapic acid | 26.840 | 18.7 | 9.183 |
Concentrations µg/mL | DPPH Inhibition (%) (Mean ± SD) | IC50 | Ascorbic Acid (Mean ± SD) | IC50 |
---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 28.78 ± 0.54 | 29.84 | 51.15 ± 1.73 | 5.477 |
100 | 35.60 ± 0.64 | 61.52 ± 0.23 | ||
150 | 41.7 ± 0.68 | 69.03 ± 0.67 | ||
200 | 48.6 ± 0.80 | 75.37 ± 0.08 | ||
250 | 56.5 ± 0.61 | 85.11 ± 0.63 | ||
300 | 65.7 ± 1.09 | 91.02 ± 0.54 |
Concentrations µg/mL | α-Amylase Inhibition (%) (Mean ± SD) | IC50 | Metformin Inhibition (%) (Mean ± SD) | IC50 |
---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 44.99 ± 0.99 | 15.102 | 46.35 ± 0.96 | 12.48 |
100 | 50.72 ± 0.98 | 54.33 ± 0.43 | ||
150 | 58.57 ± 0.90 | 61.4 ± 1.09 | ||
200 | 67.76 ± 1.14 | 68.53 ± 0.59 | ||
250 | 78.07 ± 0.90 | 77.92 ± 0.39 | ||
300 | 85.18 ± 0.48 | 87.69 ± 1.57 |
Sr. # | Concentrations µg/mL | Percentage Hemolysis (%) (Mean ± SD) |
---|---|---|
1 | 50 | 2.19 ± 0.34 |
2 | 100 | 2.64 ± 0.98 |
3 | 150 | 3.52 ± 0.60 |
4 | 200 | 4.21 ± 1.14 |
5 | 250 | 4.74 ± 0.70 |
6 | 300 | 6.90 ± 0.06 |
7 | 0.1% Titron X | 96.60 ± 0.10 |
8 | PBS | 2.31 ± 0.002 |
Sr. # | Microorganism | Zone of Inhibition in mm Concentration µg | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 500 | B 750 | C 1000 | D 1500 | ||
1 | Staphylococcus aureus | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 |
2 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | 8 | 10 | 13 | 15 |
3 | Escherichia coli | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
Sr. # | Concentrations µg/mL | % Denaturation Proteins (Mean ± SD) | IC50 | Dicloran Inhibition (%) (Mean ± SD) | IC50 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 50 | 50.04 ± 0.44 | 6.74 | 54.76 ± 0.57 | 4.97 |
2 | 100 | 58.17 ± 0.37 | 57.76 ± 2.01 | ||
3 | 150 | 65.22 ± 0.81 | 65.76 ± 1.18 | ||
4 | 200 | 72.69 ± 0.43 | 73.76 ± 0.94 | ||
5 | 250 | 79.99 ± 0.43 | 81.76 ± 1.56 | ||
6 | 300 | 86.45 ± 0.60 | 89.76 ± 0.86 |
Sample Fraction | Dose mg/kg Body Weight | Change in Paw Thickness (mm) 0 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanoparticles | 6 | 1.31 ± 0.05 18.75% | 1.41 ± 0.04 25.39% | 1.51 ± 0.03 31.36% | 1.62 ± 0.03 42.14% | 1.31 ± 0.03 53.73% |
8 | 1.21 ± 0.03 28.9% | 1.3 ± 0.06 35% | 1.34 ± 0.02 36.19% | 1.51 ± 0.06 46.07% | 1.1 ± 0.03 60.99% | |
10 | 1.12 ± 0.04 34.91% | 1.31 ± 0.02 37.61% | 1.42 ± 0.05 40.83% | 1.46 ± 0.04 47.85% | 1.1 ± 0.06 63.21% | |
Neg Control | 6 | 1.38 ± 0.04 30% | 1.47 ± 0.03 1% | 1.57 ± 0.04 2% | 1.65 ± 0.04 15% | 1.64 ± 0.03 0% |
8 | 1.41 ± 0.02 40% | 1.52 ± 0.06 2% | 1.63 ± 0.03 3% | 1.72 ± 0.04 1% | 1.73 ± 0.03 0% | |
10 | 1.25 ± 0.05 3% | 1.35 ± 0.03 1% | 1.45 ± 0.04 3% | 1.52 ± 0.03 1% | 1.53 ± 0.06 0% | |
Diclofenac Sodium Standard | 6 | 1.12 ± 0.03 31 | 1.31 ± 0.04 45% | 1.41 ± 0.02 58% | 1.53 ± 0.02 61% | 1.2 ± 0.02 70% |
8 | 1.14 ± 0.02 35% | 1.21 ± 0.06 47% | 1.32 ± 0.03 56% | 1.41 ± 0.04 67% | 1.13 ± 0.03 75% | |
10 | 1.25 ± 0.05 38% | 1.35 ± 0.03 45% | 1.45 ± 0.04 57% | 1.56 ± 0.03 66% | 1.21 ± 0.06 76% |
Drug | Dose mg/kg Body Weight | Temperature Before Yeast Injection (F°) | 0 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanoparticles | 6 | 97.5 | 101.2 ± 0.37 | 99.7 ± 0.34 | 98.6 ± 0.02 | 97.6 ± 0.37 | 97.3 ± 0.5 |
8 | 97.4 | 101 ± 0.31 | 99.5 ± 0.41 | 98.4 ± 0.7 | 97.3 ± 0.22 | 97.3 ± 0.4 | |
10 | 98.1 | 100.3 ± 0.41 | 99.3 ± 0.05 | 98.1 ± 0.3 | 97.3 ± 0.4 | 97.4 ± 0.51 | |
Negative Control | 97.6 | 100.1±0.51 | 100.2 ± 0.5 | 100.2 ± 0.51 | 100.2 ± 0.02 | 101.1 ± 0.4 | |
Paracetamol Standard | 6 | 97.6 | 100.1 ± 0.32 | 98.4 ± 0.4 | 97.9 ± 0.21 | 97.8 ± 0.03 | 97.7 ± 0.3 |
8 | 98.6 | 100 ± 0.31 | 98.3 ± 0.3 | 97.5 ± 0.5 | 97.7 ± 0.04 | 97.6 ± 0.4 | |
10 | 98.4 | 100.1 ± 0.41 | 98.1 ± 0.3 | 97.5 ± 0.46 | 97.6 ± 0.02 | 97.6 ± 0.03 |
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Amin, Z.S.; Afzal, M.; Ahmad, J.; Ahmed, N.; Zeshan, B.; Hashim, N.H.H.N.; Yean, C.Y. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes. Molecules 2023, 28, 3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083532
Amin ZS, Afzal M, Ahmad J, Ahmed N, Zeshan B, Hashim NHHN, Yean CY. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes. Molecules. 2023; 28(8):3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083532
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin, Zeemal Seemab, Muhammad Afzal, Jamshaid Ahmad, Naveed Ahmed, Basit Zeshan, Nik Haszroel Hysham Nik Hashim, and Chan Yean Yean. 2023. "Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes" Molecules 28, no. 8: 3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083532