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Article

Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract

by
Andresa Aparecida Berretta
1,*,
Luana Gonçalves Zamarrenho
1,2,
Juliana Arcadepani Correa
1,
Jéssica Aparecida De Lima
1,
Giovanna Bonfante Borini
1,
Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
3,
Hernane da Silva Barud
4,
Jairo Kenupp Bastos
5 and
David De Jong
6
1
Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda., Ribeirão Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil
2
Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
3
Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technolog, University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, SP, Brazil
4
Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
5
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
6
Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3510; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083510
Submission received: 25 March 2023 / Revised: 6 April 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 16 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis in Human and Bee Health)
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Abstract

The technologies used to produce the different dosage forms of propolis can selectively affect the original propolis compounds and their biological activities. The most common type of propolis extract is hydroethanolic. However, there is considerable demand for ethanol-free propolis presentations, including stable powder forms. Three propolis extract formulations were developed and investigated for chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity: polar propolis fraction (PPF), soluble propolis dry extract (PSDE), and microencapsulated propolis extract (MPE). The different technologies used to produce the extracts affected their physical appearance, chemical profile, and biological activity. PPF was found to contain mainly caffeic and p-Coumaric acid, while PSDE and MPE showed a chemical fingerprint closer to the original green propolis hydroalcoholic extract used. MPE, a fine powder (40% propolis in gum Arabic), was readily dispersible in water, and had less intense flavor, taste, and color than PSDE. PSDE, a fine powder (80% propolis) in maltodextrin as a carrier, was perfectly water-soluble and could be used in liquid formulations; it is transparent and has a strong bitter taste. PPF, a purified solid with large amounts of caffeic and p-Coumaric acids, had the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and therefore merits further study. PSDE and MPE had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and could be used in products tailored to specific needs.
Keywords: Brazilian green propolis; purified extract; soluble dry extract; microencapsulated extract; caffeic acid; p-Coumaric acid; artepillin C; baccharin; antioxidant; antimicrobial Brazilian green propolis; purified extract; soluble dry extract; microencapsulated extract; caffeic acid; p-Coumaric acid; artepillin C; baccharin; antioxidant; antimicrobial

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MDPI and ACS Style

Berretta, A.A.; Zamarrenho, L.G.; Correa, J.A.; De Lima, J.A.; Borini, G.B.; Ambrósio, S.R.; Barud, H.d.S.; Bastos, J.K.; De Jong, D. Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract. Molecules 2023, 28, 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083510

AMA Style

Berretta AA, Zamarrenho LG, Correa JA, De Lima JA, Borini GB, Ambrósio SR, Barud HdS, Bastos JK, De Jong D. Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract. Molecules. 2023; 28(8):3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083510

Chicago/Turabian Style

Berretta, Andresa Aparecida, Luana Gonçalves Zamarrenho, Juliana Arcadepani Correa, Jéssica Aparecida De Lima, Giovanna Bonfante Borini, Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio, Hernane da Silva Barud, Jairo Kenupp Bastos, and David De Jong. 2023. "Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract" Molecules 28, no. 8: 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083510

APA Style

Berretta, A. A., Zamarrenho, L. G., Correa, J. A., De Lima, J. A., Borini, G. B., Ambrósio, S. R., Barud, H. d. S., Bastos, J. K., & De Jong, D. (2023). Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract. Molecules, 28(8), 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083510

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