Effects of Pretreated Phosphogypsum and Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on the Rheological Properties of the Paste Excited by NaOH
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Density of Composite Material
2.2. Standard Consistency Water Consumption of Composite Material
2.3. Viscosity of Composite Material
2.4. Fluidity of Composite Material
2.5. Water Release Ratio of Composite Material
2.6. Water Film Thickness of Composite Material and Influencing Factor Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Experimental Materials
3.2. Experimental Design
3.3. Test Methodology
3.3.1. Density
3.3.2. Standard Consistency Water Consumption
3.3.3. Viscosity
3.3.4. Fluidity
3.3.5. Water Release ratio
3.3.6. Calculation of Filling Density and Water Film Thickness
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The density of the mixture with GGBS and PG gradually decreases with the decrease in GGBS content and the increase in PG content. Compared with the density at 4:1, the density of the mixture at the ratios of 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:4 decreases by 2.70%, 10.64%, 13.37%, and 15.86%, respectively. The standard consistency water consumption of the paste shows ups and downs after adding a sodium hydroxide solution, GGBS, and PG, and they have similar influence laws on the standard consistency water consumption of the paste;
- (2)
- The viscosity of the paste with GGBS and PG at ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:4 gradually decreases by 15.5%, 32.1%, 36.1%, and 46.8%, respectively, compared with the GGBS and PG ratio of 4:1. The ratio of GGBS to PG has a greater effect on the viscosity than the amount of sodium hydroxide solution;
- (3)
- The compounds of PG and GGBS and the amount of sodium hydroxide solution have a significant effect on the fluidity of the paste, and the ratio of GGBS to PG has a greater effect on the fluidity of the paste than the amount of sodium hydroxide solution. Therefore, the larger the amount of sodium hydroxide solution is, the more unfavorable conditions are to the fluidity and viscosity of the paste;
- (4)
- The effect of the amount of sodium hydroxide solution on the water release ratio of the paste is greater than that of the ratio of GGBS to PG. Overall, the higher the content of GGBS, the greater the water release ratio of the composite paste, and the higher the content of PG, the smaller the water release ratio of the composite paste;
- (5)
- The variation in the ratio of GGBS to PG has a significant effect on the water film thickness of the paste, showing that the greater the PG mixture, the greater the water film thickness of the paste, reaching 1.122 μm, which is 2.31 times the minimum water film thickness of the composite material. At the same time, the water film thickness of the paste is negatively correlated with the standard consistency water consumption, viscosity, and water release ratio, and positively correlated with the fluidity.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Vw | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GGBS | 185.96 | 0.45 | 0.555 | 0.0477 | 32.038 | 71.703 | 0.447 |
PG | 171.33 | 0.30 | 0.660 | 0.0343 | 23.822 | 16.950 | 1.405 |
PC | 206.92 | 0.40 | 0.576 | 0.0430 | 29.494 | 67.406 | 0.438 |
GGBS:PG = 4:1 | 186.46 | 0.40 | 0.609 | 0.0380 | 29.499 | 61.357 | 0.481 |
GGBS:PG = 3:2 | 186.04 | 0.50 | 0.603 | 0.0395 | 34.420 | 48.809 | 0.709 |
GGBS:PG = 1:1 | 178.98 | 0.55 | 0.580 | 0.0417 | 36.641 | 40.911 | 0.787 |
GGBS:PG = 2:3 | 177.66 | 0.40 | 0.618 | 0.0379 | 29.499 | 37.475 | 0.896 |
GGBS:PG = 1:4 | 173.66 | 0.40 | 0.624 | 0.0376 | 29.499 | 26.519 | 1.112 |
Name | Al2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | TiO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PG/wt.% | 1.52 | 8.64 | 0.12 | 38.92 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 50.24 | / |
GGBS/wt.% | 15.75 | 32.9 | 0.3 | 39.78 | 8.86 | 0.29 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 1.32 |
PC/wt.% | 7.67 | 26.1 | 4.69 | 54.87 | 2.91 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 2.96 | / |
Number | GGBS/g | PG/g | Water/g | Sodium Hydroxide Solution/g | Sodium Hydroxide Solution Ratio/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 800 | 200 | 450 | - | 0 |
2 | 600 | 400 | 450 | - | |
3 | 500 | 500 | 450 | - | |
4 | 400 | 600 | 450 | - | |
5 | 200 | 800 | 450 | - | |
6 | 800 | 200 | 438.75 | 11.25 | 2.5 |
7 | 600 | 400 | 438.75 | 11.25 | |
8 | 500 | 500 | 438.75 | 11.25 | |
9 | 400 | 600 | 438.75 | 11.25 | |
10 | 200 | 800 | 438.75 | 11.25 | |
11 | 800 | 200 | 427.5 | 22.5 | 5 |
12 | 600 | 400 | 427.5 | 22.5 | |
13 | 500 | 500 | 427.5 | 22.5 | |
14 | 400 | 600 | 427.5 | 22.5 | |
15 | 200 | 800 | 427.5 | 22.5 | |
16 | 800 | 200 | 416.25 | 33.75 | 7.5 |
17 | 600 | 400 | 416.25 | 33.75 | |
18 | 500 | 500 | 416.25 | 33.75 | |
19 | 400 | 600 | 416.25 | 33.75 | |
20 | 200 | 800 | 416.25 | 33.75 | |
21 | 800 | 200 | 405 | 45 | 10 |
22 | 600 | 400 | 405 | 45 | |
23 | 500 | 500 | 405 | 45 | |
24 | 400 | 600 | 405 | 45 | |
25 | 200 | 800 | 405 | 45 |
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Dong, S.; Yu, S.; Chen, L.; Zhuo, Q.; Wu, F.; Xie, L.; Liu, L. Effects of Pretreated Phosphogypsum and Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on the Rheological Properties of the Paste Excited by NaOH. Molecules 2023, 28, 2662. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062662
Dong S, Yu S, Chen L, Zhuo Q, Wu F, Xie L, Liu L. Effects of Pretreated Phosphogypsum and Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on the Rheological Properties of the Paste Excited by NaOH. Molecules. 2023; 28(6):2662. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062662
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Shuangkuai, Songhan Yu, Liangliang Chen, Qi Zhuo, Fufei Wu, Lilan Xie, and Liuyan Liu. 2023. "Effects of Pretreated Phosphogypsum and Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on the Rheological Properties of the Paste Excited by NaOH" Molecules 28, no. 6: 2662. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062662