Effect of Inlet Air Temperature and Quinoa Starch/Gum Arabic Ratio on Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Potato Cultivars by Spray-Drying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization and Selection of the Best Native Potato
2.2. Characterization of Matrices and Core
2.2.1. Color, Particle Size, ζ-Potential, and SEM-EDS Analysis
2.2.2. Thermal Analysis
2.3. Nanoencapsulation of Phenolic Compounds
2.4. Instrumental Characterization of Nanocapsules
2.4.1. Color, ζ-Potential, and SEM-EDS Analysis of Nanocapsules
2.4.2. FTIR Analysis
2.4.3. Thermal Analysis
2.4.4. Release of Phenolic Compounds in the Nanocapsules
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Quinoa Starch
3.3. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds
3.4. Nanoencapsulation of Phenolic Compounds
3.5. Phenolic Compounds
3.6. Flavonoids
3.7. Anthocyanins
3.8. Antioxidant Capacity by DPPH
3.9. Antioxidant Capacity by ABTS
3.10. Water Activity
3.11. Moisture
3.12. Particle Size
3.13. Color Analysis
3.14. ζ Potential
3.15. Amylose and Amylopectin
3.16. SEM-EDS Analysis
3.17. FTIR Analysis
3.18. Thermal Analysis
3.19. Release of Phenolic Compounds
3.20. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Kulli Papa | Sumaqcha | Zambita | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
± | SD | * | ± | SD | * | ± | SD | * | ||||
Phenolic Compounds (mg GAE/g) | 3.90 | ± | 0.01 | a | 2.84 | ± | 0.01 | b | 3.11 | ± | 0.01 | c |
Anthocyanins (mg C3G/g) | 401.22 | ± | 1.78 | a | 135.53 | ± | 1.88 | b | 196.62 | ± | 1.01 | c |
Flavonoids (mg of QE/g) | 0.74 | ± | 0.03 | a | 0.46 | ± | 0.06 | b | 0.68 | ± | 0.04 | a |
Antioxidant Capacity DPPH (µmol ET/g) | 23.43 | ± | 0.05 | a | 4.35 | ± | 0.12 | b | 6.95 | ± | 0.07 | c |
Antioxidant Capacity ABTS (µmol ET/g) | 19.22 | ± | 0.04 | a | 9.99 | ± | 0.04 | b | 10.73 | ± | 0.11 | c |
L | 13.55 | ± | 0.24 | a | 14.89 | ± | 0.22 | b | 22.15 | ± | 0.15 | c |
a | 4.24 | ± | 0.11 | a | 6.54 | ± | 0.15 | b | 3.63 | ± | 0.14 | c |
b | −5.45 | ± | 0.02 | a | −5.51 | ± | 0.13 | a | −5.37 | ± | 0.14 | a |
Aw | 0.84 | ± | 0.00 | a | 0.83 | ± | 0.00 | b | 0.82 | ± | 0.00 | c |
Moisture (%) | 76.73 | ± | 1.66 | a | 76.44 | ± | 0.03 | a | 75.92 | ± | 0.26 | a |
Run | A | B | Phenolics Compounds | Flavonoids | Anthocyanins | AC DPPH | Yield | Moisture | Aw | Particle Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
°C | % | mg GAE/g | mg Quercetin/g | mg C3G/g | µmol TE/g | % | % | nm | ||
± SD | ± SD | ± SD | ± SD | ± SD | ± SD | ± SD | ± SD | |||
T1 | 96 | 15 | 5.49 ± 0.02 | 0.77 ± 0.08 | 1.89 ± 0.02 | 181.06 ± 1.49 | 61.99 ± 0.27 | 14.29 ± 0.62 | 0.48 ± 0.01 | 289.57 ± 1.94 |
T2 | 116 | 15 | 5.50 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 2.32 ± 0.02 | 185.50 ± 1.94 | 62.68 ± 0.61 | 13.37 ± 0.06 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 478.70 ± 1.01 |
T3 | 96 | 25 | 4.61 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.26 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 48.98 ± 1.51 | 64.89 ± 1.05 | 10.82 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 353.40 ± 1.68 |
T4 | 116 | 25 | 4.89 ± 0.21 | 0.64 ± 0.22 | 0.92 ± 0.12 | 49.15 ± 1.21 | 66.64 ± 0.95 | 10.72 ± 0.09 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 535.80 ± 1.36 |
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Ligarda-Samanez, C.A.; Choque-Quispe, D.; Moscoso-Moscoso, E.; Pozo, L.M.F.; Ramos-Pacheco, B.S.; Palomino-Rincón, H.; Gutiérrez, R.J.G.; Peralta-Guevara, D.E. Effect of Inlet Air Temperature and Quinoa Starch/Gum Arabic Ratio on Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Potato Cultivars by Spray-Drying. Molecules 2023, 28, 7875. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237875
Ligarda-Samanez CA, Choque-Quispe D, Moscoso-Moscoso E, Pozo LMF, Ramos-Pacheco BS, Palomino-Rincón H, Gutiérrez RJG, Peralta-Guevara DE. Effect of Inlet Air Temperature and Quinoa Starch/Gum Arabic Ratio on Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Potato Cultivars by Spray-Drying. Molecules. 2023; 28(23):7875. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237875
Chicago/Turabian StyleLigarda-Samanez, Carlos A., David Choque-Quispe, Elibet Moscoso-Moscoso, Lizeth M. Flores Pozo, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Henry Palomino-Rincón, Rodrigo J. Guzmán Gutiérrez, and Diego E. Peralta-Guevara. 2023. "Effect of Inlet Air Temperature and Quinoa Starch/Gum Arabic Ratio on Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Potato Cultivars by Spray-Drying" Molecules 28, no. 23: 7875. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237875