In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Anthocyanin Content of Berry Extracts
2.2. Cytotoxic Effects of Berry Extracts and Single Anthocyanins
2.3. Combinatory Cytotoxic Effects
2.4. Impact on DNA Damaging Properties of SN-38
2.5. Impact on Cell Adhesion
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Juice Manufacturing
4.3. Extract Manufacturing
4.4. HPLC Analysis of Anthocyanins
4.5. Electrospray Ionization (ESI)-MS of Anthocyanins
4.6. Cell Culture
4.7. Treatment and Dosage Information
4.8. Coupled WST-1 and SRB Assay
4.9. Interaction Analysis
4.10. Comet Assay
4.11. Cell Adhesion Assay
4.12. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anthocyanins | Bilberry | Black Currant | Blackberry | Elderberry | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g/kg) | % | (g/kg) | % | (g/kg) | % | (g/kg) | % | |
cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 13.8 | 13.5 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 67.3 | 88.5 | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside | 7.5 | 7.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-galactoside | 9.1 | 8.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside | - | - | 18.2 | 39.4 | 2.3 | 3.0 | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside | - | - | - | - | - | - | 56.6 | 72.9 |
cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.0 | 27.1 |
cyanidin-3-O-xyloside | - | - | - | - | 1.5 | 1.9 | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside | - | - | - | - | 1.5 | 2.0 | - | - |
cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-dioxalyl)-glucoside | - | - | - | - | 3.5 | 4.6 | - | - |
delphinidin-3-O-glucoside | 17.1 | 16.7 | 5.1 | 11.0 | - | - | - | - |
delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside | 10.5 | 10.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
delphinidin-3-O-galactoside | 12.6 | 12.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside | - | - | 19.1 | 41.3 | - | - | - | - |
malvidin-3-O-glucoside | 7.8 | 7.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
malvidin-3-O-arabinoside | 1.2 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
malvidin-3-O-galactoside | 2.6 | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
peonidin-3-O-glucoside | 4.2 | 4.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
peonidin-3-O-galactoside | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
peonidin-3-O-rutinoside | - | - | 0.5 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - |
petunidin-3-O-glucoside | 9.5 | 9.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
petunidin-3-O-arabinoside | 2.0 | 2.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
petunidin-3-O-galactoside | 3.8 | 3.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
petunidin-3-O-rutinoside | - | - | 0.9 | 1.9 | - | - | - | - |
Total | 102.5 | 100 | 46.3 | 100 | 76.0 | 100 | 77.6 | 100 |
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Schmutz, C.; Will, F.; Varga, E.; Jaunecker, C.; Pahlke, G.; Berger, W.; Marko, D. In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023, 28, 7684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237684
Schmutz C, Will F, Varga E, Jaunecker C, Pahlke G, Berger W, Marko D. In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2023; 28(23):7684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237684
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmutz, Cornelia, Frank Will, Elisabeth Varga, Carola Jaunecker, Gudrun Pahlke, Walter Berger, and Doris Marko. 2023. "In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells" Molecules 28, no. 23: 7684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237684