Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Antibacterial Activity
2.2. Antibacterial Mechanisms and Morphological Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthetic Procedures
3.1.1. Synthesis of Proligands
3.1.2. General Procedure for Synthesis of MOFs Zn1-Zn3 and Cu1-Cu3
3.2. Antibacterial Studies
3.2.1. Bacterial Culture
3.2.2. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
3.2.3. Growth Inhibition Assay
3.3. Antibacterial Mechanism and Morphology Study
3.3.1. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Detection Assay
3.3.2. Propidium Iodide Uptake
3.3.3. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) Study
3.3.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study
3.3.5. Copper and Zinc Ion Release Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compound | E. coli | S. aureus |
---|---|---|
Zn1 | 30 | 30 |
Zn2 | 30 | 10 |
Zn3 | 30 | 10 |
Cu1 | 30 | 10 |
Cu2 | 30 | 30 |
Cu3 | 10 | 10 |
Zn2+ | 50–100 | 50–100 |
Cu+/2+ | 50–100 | 50–100 |
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Xhafa, S.; Olivieri, L.; Di Nicola, C.; Pettinari, R.; Pettinari, C.; Tombesi, A.; Marchetti, F. Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains. Molecules 2023, 28, 6160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166160
Xhafa S, Olivieri L, Di Nicola C, Pettinari R, Pettinari C, Tombesi A, Marchetti F. Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains. Molecules. 2023; 28(16):6160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166160
Chicago/Turabian StyleXhafa, Sonila, Laura Olivieri, Corrado Di Nicola, Riccardo Pettinari, Claudio Pettinari, Alessia Tombesi, and Fabio Marchetti. 2023. "Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains" Molecules 28, no. 16: 6160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166160