The Role of Cerium Valence in the Conversion Temperature of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons to TiO2-B and Anatase Nanoribbons, and Further to Rutile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons Impregnated/Intercalated with Cerium
2.2. Conversion of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons to TiO2 by Thermal Treatment in Air
2.2.1. Cerium Content
2.2.2. Structural Determination of TiO2 Polymorphs
2.2.3. Changes in the Nanoribbon Morphology and Formation of CeO2 Nanoparticles
2.2.4. Determination of Cerium Oxidation State and the Ratio between Ce4+/Ce3+
2.2.5. Optical Band Gap Features
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials Preparation
3.2. Materials Characterization
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sample Labels | Precursor | Transformation Environment | T (°C) | Phase Composition | Ce CONTENT a (wt.%) | Ce Oxidation State b | Band Gap (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ce4+-HTiNRs | H2Ti3O7 NRs | DI water c | 100 | H2Ti3O7 | 3.4 | +3, +4 (80%) | 3.56 |
Ce4+-620 °C | Ce4+-HTiNRs | static air | 620 | TiO2-B | 3.9 | +3, +4 (75%) | 3.30 |
Ce4+-750 °C | Ce4+-HTiNRs | static air | 750 | TiO2-B, anatase | 3.9 | +3, +4 (70%) | 3.17 |
Ce4+-860 °C | Ce4+-HTiNRs | static air | 860 | anatase | 3.8 | +3, +4 (50%) | 3.27 |
Ce4+-960 °C | Ce4+-HTiNRs | static air | 960 | anatase, rutile | 3.7 | +3, +4 (50%) | 3.19 |
Ce3+-HTiNRs | H2Ti3O7 NRs | DI water b | 100 | H2Ti3O7 | 0.2 | +3, +4 | 3.53 |
Ce3+-620 °C | Ce3+-HTiNRs | static air | 620 | TiO2-B, anatase | 0.3 | +3, +4 | 3.40 |
Ce3+-750 °C | Ce3+-HTiNRs | static air | 750 | anatase, traces of TiO2-B | 0.3 | +3, +4 | 3.36 |
Ce3+-860 °C | Ce3+-HTiNRs | static air | 860 | anatase | 0.3 | +3, +4 | 3.34 |
Ce3+-960 °C | Ce3+-HTiNRs | static air | 960 | anatase, rutile | 0.4 | +3, +4 | 3.31 |
HTiNRs | / | / | / | H2Ti3O7 | / | / | 3.46 |
d p-620 °C | H2Ti3O7 NRs | static air | 620 | anatase, traces of TiO2-B | / | / | 3.31 |
p-750 °C | H2Ti3O7 NRs | static air | 750 | anatase | / | / | 3.28 |
p-860 °C | H2Ti3O7 NRs | static air | 860 | anatase | / | / | 3.29 |
p-960 °C | H2Ti3O7 NRs | static air | 960 | anatase, rutile | / | / | 3.01 |
Sample | wt.% Rutile |
---|---|
Ce4+-960 °C | 31 |
Ce3+-960 °C | 17 |
p-960 °C | 60 |
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Umek, P.; Dürrschnabel, M.; Molina-Luna, L.; Škapin, S.; Korošec, R.C.; Bittencourt, C. The Role of Cerium Valence in the Conversion Temperature of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons to TiO2-B and Anatase Nanoribbons, and Further to Rutile. Molecules 2023, 28, 5838. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155838
Umek P, Dürrschnabel M, Molina-Luna L, Škapin S, Korošec RC, Bittencourt C. The Role of Cerium Valence in the Conversion Temperature of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons to TiO2-B and Anatase Nanoribbons, and Further to Rutile. Molecules. 2023; 28(15):5838. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155838
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmek, Polona, Michael Dürrschnabel, Leopoldo Molina-Luna, Srečo Škapin, Romana Cerc Korošec, and Carla Bittencourt. 2023. "The Role of Cerium Valence in the Conversion Temperature of H2Ti3O7 Nanoribbons to TiO2-B and Anatase Nanoribbons, and Further to Rutile" Molecules 28, no. 15: 5838. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155838