Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preparation and Characterization of CL-Nanoemulsion
2.2. Dynamic Light Scattering
2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.4. Determination of MIC and MBC
2.5. Antibiofilm Activity of CL-Emulsion and CL-Nanoemulsion
2.6. Antifungal Activity
2.7. Cytotoxic Effect of CL-Emulsion and CL-Nanoemulsion
2.8. Effect of CL-Emulsion and CL-Nanoemulsion on CASP8 and CASP9 Activities
2.9. Effect of CL-Emulsion and CL-Nanoemulsion on VEGFR-2
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Preparation of CL-Nanoemulsion and CL-Emulsion
3.3. Measurement of CL-Nanoemulsion Droplet Size
3.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4. Antibacterial Activity
4.1. Microorganisms
4.2. MIC Determination by Resazurin Dye Method
4.3. Evaluation of Antibiofilm Activity
4.4. Observation of Biofilm Reduction by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
4.5. Antifungal Activity
5. Anticancer Activity
5.1. Cell Lines
5.2. Cell Viability Assay
5.3. Assessment of Caspase-8 (CASP8) and Caspase-9 (CASP9) Activities and VEGFR-2
5.4. Statistical Analysis
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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B. subtilis | S. aureus | E. coli | K. oxytoca | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | |
CL-emulsion | 1.25 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 |
CL-nanoemulsion | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | 10 |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.62 | 1.25 | 0.62 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 0.62 | 1.25 |
Fungal Strains | CL-Emulsion | CL-Nanoemulsion | Voriconazole | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC * | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | |
C. albicans | 50 | 100 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 25 | 50 |
C. neoformans | 25 | 25 | 3.12 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
A. brasiliensis | 6.25 | 25 | 0.78 | 3.12 | 6.25 | 12.5 |
A. flavus | 6.25 | 12.5 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 3.12 | 3.12 |
A. fumigatus | 12.5 | 50 | 1.56 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 25 |
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Shehabeldine, A.M.; Doghish, A.S.; El-Dakroury, W.A.; Hassanin, M.M.H.; Al-Askar, A.A.; AbdElgawad, H.; Hashem, A.H. Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion. Molecules 2023, 28, 5812. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155812
Shehabeldine AM, Doghish AS, El-Dakroury WA, Hassanin MMH, Al-Askar AA, AbdElgawad H, Hashem AH. Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion. Molecules. 2023; 28(15):5812. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155812
Chicago/Turabian StyleShehabeldine, Amr M., Ahmed S. Doghish, Walaa A. El-Dakroury, Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Hamada AbdElgawad, and Amr H. Hashem. 2023. "Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion" Molecules 28, no. 15: 5812. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155812