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Review

Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability

by
Qian Wang
1,2,3,
Yongfei Li
1,
Fenglin Huang
1,
Shaofu Song
1,
Ganggang Ai
4,
Xin Xin
5,
Bin Zhao
6,
Yajun Zheng
1 and
Zhiping Zhang
1,*
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
2
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Utilization for High-Carbon Resources, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
4
National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Oil and Gas Products (Yan’an), Yan’an 716000, China
5
Department of Crop Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
6
Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010432
Submission received: 5 December 2022 / Revised: 22 December 2022 / Accepted: 25 December 2022 / Published: 3 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Nanomaterials and Composites for Energy and Environmental Sustainability)
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Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), with facile synthesis, unique structure, high stability, and low cost, has been the hotspot in the field of photocatalysis. However, the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 is still unsatisfactory due to insufficient capture of visible light, low surface area, poor electronic conductivity, and fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Thus, different modification strategies have been developed to improve its performance. In this review, the properties and preparation methods of g-C3N4 are systematically introduced, and various modification approaches, including morphology control, elemental doping, heterojunction construction, and modification with nanomaterials, are discussed. Moreover, photocatalytic applications in energy and environmental sustainability are summarized, such as hydrogen generation, CO2 reduction, and degradation of contaminants in recent years. Finally, concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges, and suggestions for exploiting g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are presented. This review will deepen the understanding of the state of the art of g-C3N4, including the fabrication, modification, and application in energy and environmental sustainability.
Keywords: g-C3N4; preparation; modification; hydrogen evolution; CO2 conversion; organic pollutants g-C3N4; preparation; modification; hydrogen evolution; CO2 conversion; organic pollutants

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Q.; Li, Y.; Huang, F.; Song, S.; Ai, G.; Xin, X.; Zhao, B.; Zheng, Y.; Zhang, Z. Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Molecules 2023, 28, 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010432

AMA Style

Wang Q, Li Y, Huang F, Song S, Ai G, Xin X, Zhao B, Zheng Y, Zhang Z. Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Molecules. 2023; 28(1):432. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010432

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Qian, Yongfei Li, Fenglin Huang, Shaofu Song, Ganggang Ai, Xin Xin, Bin Zhao, Yajun Zheng, and Zhiping Zhang. 2023. "Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability" Molecules 28, no. 1: 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010432

APA Style

Wang, Q., Li, Y., Huang, F., Song, S., Ai, G., Xin, X., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Materials and Their Application in Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Molecules, 28(1), 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010432

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