Role of Intracellular Iron in Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis to Target Therapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Identification of CSCs
3. CSCs Plays an Essential Role in Drug Resistance and Cancer Relapse
4. Approaches to Target CSCs Death
5. Characteristic Features and Mechanism of Apoptosis
6. Mechanism of Ferroptosis
7. Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis in Drug-Resistant CSCs
8. Role of GSH in Ferroptosis
9. Targeting CSCs via Ferroptosis
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stem Cell Surface Marker | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|
CD44 | Breast, Colon, Head and Neck, Liver, Lung | [5,25,26,27] |
CD90 | Brain, Liver | [28] |
CD133 | Breast, Colon, Brain, Liver, Lung, Endometrial | [16,29] |
CD271 | Head and Neck, Skin | [30,31] |
ALDH1 | Breast, Endometrial | [5,32,33] |
EpCAM | Colon, Liver | [3] |
CD24 | Breast, Colon | [27] |
CD166 | Lung, Colon | [34,35] |
CD26 | Colorectal, colon with lung metastasis, breast, melanoma | [23] |
Drug | Mechanism | Tumor Type | References |
---|---|---|---|
Iron chelators | Degrades ferritin, promotes LIP expression, and induces HMOX-1 expression | Breast, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, cervical | [80,81,82,83,84] |
SLC7A11 inhibitors | Inhibits cysteine uptake thereby reducing glutathione levels | Glioma, breast, lung, melanoma, cervical, prostrate, neuroblastoma | [25,78,79] |
GPx-4 inhibitors | Inhibit the enzyme activity of GPx-4 thereby enhancing lipid peroxides | Leukaemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic, lung | [85,86,87] |
Cysteinase | Glutathione inhibitor that degrades cysteine and cystine | Prostrate, pancreatic, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | [88,89] |
FINO2 | Indirectly inactivates GPx-4; promotes ROS accumulation by oxidizing PUFAs and ferrous iron | Fibrosarcoma | [90,91] |
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Pandrangi, S.L.; Chittineedi, P.; Chalumuri, S.S.; Meena, A.S.; Neira Mosquera, J.A.; Sánchez Llaguno, S.N.; Pamuru, R.R.; Mohiddin, G.J.; Mohammad, A. Role of Intracellular Iron in Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis to Target Therapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells. Molecules 2022, 27, 3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093011
Pandrangi SL, Chittineedi P, Chalumuri SS, Meena AS, Neira Mosquera JA, Sánchez Llaguno SN, Pamuru RR, Mohiddin GJ, Mohammad A. Role of Intracellular Iron in Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis to Target Therapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells. Molecules. 2022; 27(9):3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093011
Chicago/Turabian StylePandrangi, Santhi Latha, Prasanthi Chittineedi, Sphoorthi Shree Chalumuri, Avtar Singh Meena, Juan Alejandro Neira Mosquera, Sungey Naynee Sánchez Llaguno, Ramachandra Reddy Pamuru, Gooty Jaffer Mohiddin, and Arifullah Mohammad. 2022. "Role of Intracellular Iron in Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis to Target Therapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells" Molecules 27, no. 9: 3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093011