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Review

FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology

by
Rashid Waseem
1,
Anas Shamsi
1,
Taj Mohammad
1,
Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
1,
Syed Naqui Kazim
1,
Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
2,
Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
2,
Mohammed Al-Zharani
2,
Faizan Ahmad
3 and
Asimul Islam
1,*
1
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
2
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(3), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031118
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 29 January 2022 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published: 8 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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Abstract

A sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity increases the risk of different diseases, including obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, certain types of cancers, and some neurological diseases. Physical exercise helps improve quality of life and reduces the risk of many diseases. Irisin, a hormone induced by exercise, is a fragmented product of FNDC5 (a cell membrane protein) and acts as a linkage between muscles and other tissues. Over the past decade, it has become clear that irisin is a molecular mimic of exercise and shows various beneficial effects, such as browning of adipocytes, modulation of metabolic processes, regulation of bone metabolism, and functioning of the nervous system. Irisin has a role in carcinogenesis; numerous studies have shown its impact on migration, invasion, and proliferation of cancer cells. The receptor of irisin is not completely known; however, in some tissues it probably acts via a specific class of integrin receptors. Here, we review research from the past decade that has identified irisin as a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention or treatment of various metabolic-related and other diseases. This article delineates structural and biochemical aspects of irisin and provides an insight into the role of irisin in different pathological conditions.
Keywords: irisin; structural insight; therapeutic potential; human pathophysiology irisin; structural insight; therapeutic potential; human pathophysiology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Waseem, R.; Shamsi, A.; Mohammad, T.; Hassan, M.I.; Kazim, S.N.; Chaudhary, A.A.; Rudayni, H.A.; Al-Zharani, M.; Ahmad, F.; Islam, A. FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Molecules 2022, 27, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031118

AMA Style

Waseem R, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Hassan MI, Kazim SN, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Ahmad F, Islam A. FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Molecules. 2022; 27(3):1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031118

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waseem, Rashid, Anas Shamsi, Taj Mohammad, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, Syed Naqui Kazim, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Hassan Ahmed Rudayni, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Faizan Ahmad, and Asimul Islam. 2022. "FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology" Molecules 27, no. 3: 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031118

APA Style

Waseem, R., Shamsi, A., Mohammad, T., Hassan, M. I., Kazim, S. N., Chaudhary, A. A., Rudayni, H. A., Al-Zharani, M., Ahmad, F., & Islam, A. (2022). FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Molecules, 27(3), 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031118

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