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Article

Enhancement of TRP Gene Expression and UV Absorption by Bioconverted Chestnut Inner Shell Extracts Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

by
So-Hee Kim
1,
Suh-Hee Yoem
1,
Jun-Hee Kim
1,
Ji-Woo Hong
1,
Ye-Sol Oh
1 and
Jin-Woo Kim
1,2,3,*
1
Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
2
Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology Center, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
3
FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(15), 4940; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154940
Submission received: 30 June 2022 / Revised: 24 July 2022 / Accepted: 26 July 2022 / Published: 3 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Extraction and Biological Evaluations of Natural Products)
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Abstract

In this work, the suppression of tyrosinase-related genes, including an improvement in UV absorption effects of bioconverted CS extracts (BCS), was investigated to improve the skin-whitening effect. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids, which are bioactive components, increased 2.6- and 5.4-times in bioconversion using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SM4, respectively, as compared to ultrasound-assisted extracts (UCS). The effect of BCS on radical scavenging activity, UV-A absorption, and tyrosinase activity inhibition, contributing to skin-whitening, were 1.3-, 1.2-, and 1.2-times higher than those of UCS, respectively. The main component identified in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was gallic acid in both UCS and BCS, which increased by 2.9-times following bioconversion. The gene expression of tyrosinase-related proteins, including TRP-1 and TRP-2 genes, was studied to confirm the suppression of melanin synthesis by BCS in order to identify the skin-whitening mechanism, and BCS decreased both genes’ expression by 1.7- and 1.6-times, demonstrating that BCS effectively suppressed melanin synthesis. These findings imply that the chestnut inner shell can be employed as a cosmetic material by simultaneously inhibiting melanogenesis and enhancing UV-A absorption through bioconversion using L. plantarum SM4.
Keywords: bioconversion; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; chestnut inner shell; TRP-1; TRP-2; UV absorption bioconversion; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; chestnut inner shell; TRP-1; TRP-2; UV absorption
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, S.-H.; Yoem, S.-H.; Kim, J.-H.; Hong, J.-W.; Oh, Y.-S.; Kim, J.-W. Enhancement of TRP Gene Expression and UV Absorption by Bioconverted Chestnut Inner Shell Extracts Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules 2022, 27, 4940. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154940

AMA Style

Kim S-H, Yoem S-H, Kim J-H, Hong J-W, Oh Y-S, Kim J-W. Enhancement of TRP Gene Expression and UV Absorption by Bioconverted Chestnut Inner Shell Extracts Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules. 2022; 27(15):4940. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, So-Hee, Suh-Hee Yoem, Jun-Hee Kim, Ji-Woo Hong, Ye-Sol Oh, and Jin-Woo Kim. 2022. "Enhancement of TRP Gene Expression and UV Absorption by Bioconverted Chestnut Inner Shell Extracts Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum" Molecules 27, no. 15: 4940. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154940

APA Style

Kim, S.-H., Yoem, S.-H., Kim, J.-H., Hong, J.-W., Oh, Y.-S., & Kim, J.-W. (2022). Enhancement of TRP Gene Expression and UV Absorption by Bioconverted Chestnut Inner Shell Extracts Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules, 27(15), 4940. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154940

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