Antifungal Activity of Soft Tissue Extract from the Garden Snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda, Mollusca)
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Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
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Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
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Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Jolanta Mierzejewska
Molecules 2022, 27(10), 3170; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103170
Received: 12 April 2022
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Revised: 10 May 2022
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Accepted: 11 May 2022
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Published: 16 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: Characterization and Biological Evaluation)
Gastropods comprise approximately 80% of molluscans, of which land snails are used variably as food and traditional medicines due to their high protein content. Moreover, different components from land snails exhibit antimicrobial activities. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of soft tissue extracts from Helix aspersa against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus brasiliensis by identifying extract components using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Two concentrations of three extracts (methanol, acetone, and acetic acid) showed antifungal activity. Both acetone (1 g/3 mL) and acetic acid extracts (1 g/mL) significantly inhibited C.albicans growth (p = 0.0001, 5.2 ± 0.2 mm and p = 0.02, 69.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). A. flavus and A. brasiliensis growth were inhibited by all extracts at 1 g/mL, while inhibition was observed for acetic acid extracts against A. brasiliensis (p = 0.02, 50.3 ± 3.5 mm). The highest growth inhibition was observed for A. flavus using acetic acid and acetone extracts (inhibition zones = 38 ± 1.7 mm and 3.1 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). LC-MS-MS studies on methanol and acetone extracts identified 11-α-acetoxyprogesterone with a parent mass of 372.50800 m/z and 287.43500 m/z for luteolin. Methanol extracts contained hesperidin with a parent mass of 611.25400 m/z, whereas linoleic acid and genistein (parent mass = 280.4 and 271.48900 m/z, respectively) were the main metabolites.
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Keywords:
Helix aspersa; soft tissue; extract; Candida albicans; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus brasiliensis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Azeem, H.H.A.-E.; Osman, G.Y.; El-Seedi, H.R.; Fallatah, A.M.; Khalifa, S.A.M.; Gharib, M.M. Antifungal Activity of Soft Tissue Extract from the Garden Snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Molecules 2022, 27, 3170. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103170
AMA Style
Azeem HHA-E, Osman GY, El-Seedi HR, Fallatah AM, Khalifa SAM, Gharib MM. Antifungal Activity of Soft Tissue Extract from the Garden Snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda, Mollusca). Molecules. 2022; 27(10):3170. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103170
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzeem, Hoda H.A.-E., Gamalat Y. Osman, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Shaden A.M. Khalifa, and Mohamed M. Gharib. 2022. "Antifungal Activity of Soft Tissue Extract from the Garden Snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda, Mollusca)" Molecules 27, no. 10: 3170. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103170
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