Comprehensive Investigation on Ginsenosides in Different Parts of a Garden-Cultivated Ginseng Root and Rhizome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Identification of Components from Four Different Parts of the Ginseng Root Based on the UNIFI Platform
2.2. Discrimination of Different Parts of P. ginseng Root by PCA and OPLS-DA Analysis
2.3. Distribution of Ginsenosides from the Different Parts of P. ginseng Root
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and Reagents
3.2. Sample Preparation and Extraction
3.3. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UHPLC-CAD Analysis
3.4. Data Analysis by the UNIFI Informatics Platform
3.5. Multivariate Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Peak No | tR (min) | Formula | Observed m/z | Mass Error (mDa) | Adducts | Fragment Ions | Identification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.42 | C42H72O15 | 861.4829 | −2.4 | +HCOO | 815.4703, 653.4206, 491.3689 | Ginsenoside Re5 isomer [19] |
2 | 4.58 | C54H92O24 | 1169.5935 | −2.6 | +HCOO | 1123.5872, 961.5292, 815.4739, 653.4369, 491.3802 | 491-(Glc-Glc)-(Rha-Glc) [19] |
3 | 4.60 | C42H72O15 | 861.4828 | −3 | +HCOO | 815.4703, 653.4239, 491.3774 | Ginsenoside Re5 isomer [19] |
4 | 4.73 | C42H72O15 | 861.4824 | −3 | +HCOO | 815.4703, 653.4239, 491.3774 | Ginsenoside Re5 isomer [19] |
5 | 4.89 | C54H92O24 | 1169.5931 | −2.9 | +HCOO | 1123.5745, 961.5371, 799.4979, 637.4671, 475.3684 | Koryoginsenoside R2/Ginsenoside V (24β) [19] |
6 | 5.04 | C54H92O24 | 1169.5927 | −3.3 | +HCOO | 1123.5872, 961.5292, 829.4566, 651.4229, 489.3498 | 489-(Glc-GlurA)-(132-Glc) [19] |
7 | 5.10 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5396 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 961.5331, 799.4800, 637.4253, 475.3878 | Ginsenoside Re1/Ginsenoside Re2/Ginsenoside Re3 [7,19] |
8 | 5.43 | C47H80O18 | 977.5291 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 931.5292, 799.4800, 637.4253, 475.3850 | Ginsenoside Re4 [7,19] |
9 | 5.45 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5395 | −3.7 | +HCOO | 961.5371, 799.4800, 637.4253, 475.3850 | 20-O-Glucosylginsenoside Rf [23] |
10 | 5.65 | C47H80O18 | 977.5289 | −3.8 | +HCOO | 931.5176, 799.4800, 637.4414, 475.3767 | Ginsenoside Re4 isomer [7,19] |
11 | 5.71 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5397 | −3.5 | +HCOO | 961.5331, 799.4800, 637.4414, 475.3767 | Ginsenoside Re1/Ginsenoside Re2/Ginsenoside Re3 [7,19] |
12 | 5.71 | C54H92O23 | 1153.5982 | −2.9 | +HCOO | 1107.5954, 961.5331, 799.4800, 637.4414, 475.3767 | Yesanchinoside E isomer [24] |
13 | 5.73 | C53H90O22 | 1123.5868 | −3.8 | +HCOO | 1077.5829, 931.5370, 799.4800, 637.4446, 475.3767 | Floralginsenoside M/Floralginsenoside N [19] |
14 | 5.76 | C47H80O18 | 977.5289 | −3.8 | +HCOO | 931.5254, 799.4692, 637.4221, 475.3767 | * Notoginsenoside R1 |
15 | 5.89 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5396 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 961.5331, 799.4835, 637.4318, 475.3850 | Ginsenoside Re1/Ginsenoside Re2/Ginsenoside Re3 [7,19] |
16 | 6.06 | C54H90O24 | 1167.5773 | −3.1 | +HCOO | 1121.5889, 959.4955, 797.5107, 635.3868, 473.3548 | Notoginsenoside B [19] |
17 | 6.07 | C54H92O23 | 1153.5980 | −3.1 | +HCOO | 1107.5869, 961.5253, 799.4764, 637.4189, 475.3740 | Yesanchinoside E isomer [24] |
18 | 6.08 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5391 | −4.2 | +HCOO | 961.5253, 799.4764, 637.4189, 475.3740 | Vinaginsenoside R4/Notoginsenoside R3/Notoginsenoside R6/Notoginsenoside M/Notoginsenoside N isomer [19] |
19 | 6.30 | C42H72O14 | 845.4874 | −3 | +HCOO | 799.4800, 637.4285, 475.3795 | * Ginsenoside Rg1 |
20 | 6.31 | C48H82O18 | 991.5446 | −3.7 | +HCOO | 945.5389, 799.4800, 637.4285, 475.3795 | * Ginsenoside Re |
21 | 6.85 | C44H74O15 | 887.4975 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 841.4911, 799.4800, 637.4318, 475.3767 | 6′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Rg1 isomer [25] |
22 | 6.92 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5548 | −4.1 | +HCOO | 987.5516, 945.5389, 799.4764, 637.4189, 475.3823 | 6′′′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Re isomer [19] |
23 | 7.19 | C44H74O15 | 887.4974 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 841.4985, 799.4764, 637.4285, 475.3850 | 6′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Rg1 isomer [25] |
24 | 7.23 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5545 | −4.4 | +HCOO | 987.5476, 945.5389, 799.4728, 637.4285, 475.3795 | 6′′′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Re isomer [19] |
25 | 7.33 | C44H74O15 | 887.4976 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 841.4985, 799.4835, 637.4318, 475.3795 | 6′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Rg1 isomer [19] |
26 | 7.33 | C42H70O13 | 827.4774 | −2.5 | +HCOO | 781.4672, 619.4266 | Ginsenoside Rg5 [26] |
27 | 7.68 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5404 | −2.8 | +HCOO | 961.5450, 799.5051, 637.4318, 475.3850 | Vinaginsenoside R4/Notoginsenoside R3/Notoginsenoside R6/Notoginsenoside M/Notoginsenoside N isomer [19] |
28 | 7.74 | C53H90O23 | 1139.5843 | −1.2 | +HCOO | 1093.5971, 961.5489, 799.4800, 637.4350, 475.3767 | Floralginsenoside P isomer [19] |
29 | 7.74 | C44H72O13 | 869.4885 | −1.9 | +HCOO | 823.4829, 781.4743, 619.4203 | Ginsenoside Rs4/Ginsenoside Rs5 [27] |
30 | 7.82 | C47H74O18 | 971.4823 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 925.5345, 763.4524, 631.2789, 455.2456 | Pseudoginsenoside Rt1 [7,28] |
31 | 7.85 | C53H90O23 | 1139.5841 | −1.4 | +HCOO | 1093.5743, 961.5341, 799.5231, 637.4318, 475.3795 | Floralginsenoside P isomer [19] |
32 | 7.96 | C44H74O15 | 887.4988 | −2.2 | +HCOO | 841.4911, 799.4943, 637.4189, 475.3740 | Yesanchinoside D [7] |
33 | 8.29 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5409 | −2.3 | +HCOO | 961.5410, 799.4728, 637.4189, 475.3712 | Vinaginsenoside R4/Notoginsenoside R3/Notoginsenoside R6/Notoginsenoside M/Notoginsenoside N isomer [19] |
34 | 8.31 | C42H72O15 | 861.4835 | −1.9 | +HCOO | 815.4812, 653.4271, 491.3830 | Ginsenoside Re5 isomer [19] |
35 | 8.39 | C42H70O14 | 843.4724 | −2.3 | +HCOO | 797.4461, 637.4382, | 12,23-Eproxyginsenoside Rg1 [29] |
36 | 8.42 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5405 | −2.7 | +HCOO | 961.5331, 799.4800, 637.4285 | Vinaginsenoside R4/Notoginsenoside R3/Notoginsenoside R6/Notoginsenoside M/Notoginsenoside N isomer [19] |
37 | 8.84 | C48H82O19 | 1007.5403 | −2.9 | +HCOO | 961.5371, 799.4835, 637.4285, 475.3767 | Vinaginsenoside R4/Notoginsenoside R3/Notoginsenoside R6/Notoginsenoside M/Notoginsenoside N isomer [19] |
38 | 9.12 | C54H86O24 | 1117.5409 | −2.7 | −H | 1117.5296, 945.4959, 869.4686, 783.9150, 621.4222, 459.3493 | malnoylfloralginsenosides Rd6/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-[6-O-(2-carboxyacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-, 6-(hydrogen propanedioate) [30] |
39 | 9.15 | C42H72O14 | 845.4881 | −2.3 | +HCOO | 799.4835, 637.4318, 475.3823 | * Ginsenoside Rf |
40 | 9.38 | C46H76O15 | 913.5142 | −2.4 | +HCOO | 867.4936, 799.4871, 637.4350, 475.3823 | Ginsenoside Re6/Koryoginsenoside R1 [7,19,31] |
41 | 9.75 | C44H74O15 | 887.4980 | −3 | +HCOO | 841.4948, 799.4871, 637.4318, 475.3795 | Yesanchinoside D isomer [7] |
42 | 9.77 | C59H100O27 | 1285.6409 | −2.5 | +HCOO | 1239.6308, 1107.5700, 1077.6080, 945.5623, 783.4913, 621.4317, 459.3929 | Notoginsenoside R4 [20] |
43 | 9.81 | C41H70O13 | 815.4777 | −2.2 | +HCOO | 769.4657, 637.4318, 475.3795 | * Notoginsenoside R2 |
44 | 10.14 | C61H102O28 | 1327.6498 | −4.1 | +HCOO | 1281.6390, 1239.6218, 1149.5938, 1107.6123, 1077.5704, 945.5350, 783.4949, 621.4349, 459.3820 | Yesanchinoside J isomer [32] |
45 | 10.14 | C62H102O30 | 1325.636 | −2.3 | −H | 1325.6340, 1239.6218, 1107.6123, 1077.5704, 945.5350, 783.4949, 621.4349, 459.3820 | malonyl-ginsenoside Ra3/malonyl-notoginsenoside R4 [10,33] |
46 | 10.58 | C42H72O13 | 829.4936 | −1.9 | +HCOO | 783.4878, 637.4350, 475.3795 | * Ginsenoside Rg2 |
47 | 10.75 | C36H62O9 | 683.4370 | −0.6 | +HCOO | 637.4319, 475.3767 | * 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 |
48 | 11.19 | C58H98O26 | 1255.6295 | −3.3 | +HCOO | 1209.6187, 1077.5704, 1047.5752, 945.5389, 915.5220, 783.4842, 621.4317, 459.3847 | Ginsenoside Ra2 [34] |
49 | 11.39 | C59H100O27 | 1285.6403 | −3.1 | +HCOO | 1239.6263, 1107.5954, 1077.5913, 945.5311, 915.5143, 783.4913, 621.4285, 459.3847 | Ginsenoside Ra3 [34] |
50 | 11.49 | C54H92O23 | 1153.5979 | −3.2 | +HCOO | 1107.5911, 945.5271, 783.4878, 621.4349, 459.3874 | * Ginsenoside Rb1 |
51 | 11.66 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6387 | −4.7 | +HCOO | 1251.6324, 1209.6231, 1077.6038, 1047.5340, 945.5389, 915.5028, 783.4842, 621.4380, 459.3847 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
52 | 11.87 | C61H102O28 | 1327.6486 | −5.4 | +HCOO | 1281.6435, 1239.6263, 1149.6110, 1107.5911, 1077.5871, 945.5389, 783.4842, 621.4390, 459.3902 | Yesanchinoside J isomer [32] |
53 | 11.93 | C48H76O19 | 955.4868 | −4 | −H | 955.4857, 793.4326, 631.4035, 455.3596 | * Ginsenoside Ro |
54 | 11.99 | C56H94O24 | 1195.6074 | −4.4 | +HCOO | 1149.5981, 1107.5996, 987.5396, 945.5428, 783.4878, 621.4285, 459.3820 | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [26] |
55 | 12.00 | C57H94O26 | 1193.5924 | −3.6 | −H | 1193.5948, 1107.5996, 945.5389, 783.4771, 621.4285, 459.3738 | malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 [26] |
56 | 12.42 | C53H90O22 | 1123.5869 | −3.7 | +HCOO | 1077.5787, 945.5350, 915.5143, 783.4842, 621.4349, 459.3820 | * Ginsenoside Rc |
57 | 12.47 | C58H98O26 | 1255.6298 | −3.1 | +HCOO | 1209.6231, 1077.5787, 1047.5669, 945.5506, 915.5374, 783.4771, 621.4539, 459.3820 | Ginsenoside Ra1 [26] |
58 | 12.92 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6383 | −5.1 | +HCOO | 1251.6324, 1209.6187, 1077.5746, 1047.5793, 945.5389, 915.5259, 783.4878, 621.4349, 459.3874 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
59 | 13.00 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5969 | −4.3 | +HCOO | 1119.5924, 1077.5871, 987.5676, 945.5506, 915.5297, 783.4878, 621.4475, 459.3820 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
60 | 13.01 | C56H94O25 | 1163.5818 | −3.7 | −H | 1163.5717, 1077.5871, 945.5506, 915.5297, 783.4878, 621.4475, 459.3820 | malonyl-ginsenoside Rc [26] |
61 | 13.32 | C56H94O24 | 1195.6077 | −4.1 | +HCOO | 1149.6003, 1107.5871, 987.5665, 945.5438, 783.4823, 621.4246, 459.3792 | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [26] |
62 | 13.34 | C58H98O26 | 1255.6297 | −3.1 | +HCOO | 1209.6149, 1077.5859, 1047.6303, 945.5438, 915.5641, 783.4823, 621.4246, 459.3792 | Ginsenoside Ra1 isomer [26] |
63 | 13.43 | C53H90O22 | 1123.5865 | −4 | +HCOO | 1077.5787, 945.5350, 915.5259, 783.4806, 621.4349, 459.3847 | Ginsenoside Rb2 [9] |
64 | 13.76 | C56H94O24 | 1195.6075 | −4.2 | +HCOO | 1149.6110, 1107.5996, 945.5389, 783.4913, 621.4317, 459.3793 | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [26] |
65 | 13.78 | C53H90O22 | 1123.5871 | −3.5 | +HCOO | 1077.5787, 945.5350, 915.5182, 783.4842, 621.4317, 459.3956 | Ginsenoside Rb3 [9] |
66 | 13.89 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6400 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 1251.6369, 1209.6143, 1077.5620, 945.5076, 915.4990, 783.5056, 621.4412, 459.3874 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
67 | 14.00 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5970 | −4.2 | +HCOO | 1119.5881, 1077.5746, 987.5396, 945.5350, 915.5297, 783.4878, 621.4349, 459.3738 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
68 | 14.01 | C56H94O25 | 1163.5819 | −3.6 | −H | 1163.5934, 1077.5746, 945.5350, 915.5297, 783.4878, 621.4349, 459.3738 | malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2 [26] |
69 | 14.36 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5972 | −4 | +HCOO | 1119.5924, 1077.5746, 987.5596, 945.5300, 915.5297, 783.4806, 621.4349, 459.3902 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
70 | 14.42 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6398 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 1251.6279, 1209.6231, 1077.5787, 945.5467, 915.5297, 783.4771, 621.4317, 459.3793 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
71 | 14.44 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5971 | −4 | +HCOO | 1119.5924, 1077.5787, 987.5396, 945.5467, 915.5297, 783.4771, 621.4317, 459.3793 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
72 | 14.69 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6412 | −2.2 | +HCOO | 1251.6279, 1209.6231, 1077.5787, 945.5467, 915.5143, 783.4913, 621.4222, 459.3793 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
73 | 14.88 | C60H100O27 | 1297.6412 | −2.2 | +HCOO | 1251.6279, 1209.6231, 1077.5787, 945.5467, 915.5143, 783.4913, 621.4222, 459.3793 | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [9] |
74 | 14.89 | C56H94O24 | 1195.6097 | −2 | +HCOO | 1149.6024, 1107.5700, 945.5467, 783.4913, 621.4222, 459.3793 | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isomer [26] |
75 | 14.93 | C42H66O14 | 793.4361 | −1.8 | −H | 793.4362, 631.3811, 455.3623 | Chikusetsusaponin Iva [26] |
76 | 14.96 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5985 | −2.7 | +HCOO | 1119.5966, 1077.5787, 945.5428, 915.5220, 783.4984, 621.4380, 459.3874 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
77 | 15.60 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5974 | −3.7 | +HCOO | 1119.5881, 1077.5787, 945.5350, 915.522, 783.4735, 621.438, 459.3874 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
78 | 15.61 | C56H94O25 | 1163.5826 | −2.9 | −H | 1163.5543, 1077.5787, 945.5350, 915.522, 783.4735, 621.438, 459.3874 | malonyl-ginsenoside Rb3 [26] |
79 | 15.82 | C48H82O18 | 991.5443 | −4.1 | +HCOO | 945.5389, 783.4842, 621.4317, 459.3847 | * Ginsenoside Rd |
80 | 16.50 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5548 | −4.1 | +HCOO | 987.5516, 945.5389, 825.4985, 783.4878, 621.4412, 459.3847 | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) isomer [36] |
81 | 16.92 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5549 | −4 | +HCOO | 987.5436, 945.5430, 825.4912, 783.4878, 621.4349, 459.3820 | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) isomer [36] |
82 | 17.34 | C55H92O23 | 1165.5987 | −2.5 | +HCOO | 1119.5924, 1077.5746, 945.5663, 915.5297, 783.6764, 621.4507, 459.1830 | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer [7,35] |
83 | 17.44 | C53H88O22 | 1075.5656 | −3.9 | +HCOO | 1029.5511, 987.5436, 945.5389, 783.4842, 621.4349, 459.3847 | 459-Glc-Glc-Glc-2Acetyl |
84 | 17.44 | C54H86O24 | 1117.5403 | −3.4 | −H | 1117.4956, 1031.5678, 945.5389, 783.4842, 621.4349, 459.3847 | malnoylfloralginsenosides Rd6/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-[6-O-(2-carboxyacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-, 6-(hydrogen propanedioate) [30] |
85 | 17.83 | C48H82O18 | 991.5450 | −3.3 | +HCOO | 945.5389, 783.4777, 621.4285, 459.3820 | Gypenoside XVII [20] |
86 | 17.84 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5550 | −3.9 | +HCOO | 987.5436, 945.5389, 825.4985, 783.4735, 621.4285, 459.3820 | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) isomer [36] |
87 | 17.93 | C58H96O24 | 1221.6242 | −3.2 | +HCOO | 1175.6144, 1107.5954, 945.5311, 783.4735, 621.4190, 459.3874 | Ginsenoside Ra6/Quinquenoside II [37] |
88 | 18.06 | C51H84O21 | 1031.5422 | −1 | −H | 1031.5597, 945.5428, 783.4842, 621.4697, 459.3166 | malonyl-ginsenoside Rd [26] |
89 | 18.15 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5550 | −3.9 | +HCOO | 987.5516, 945.5311, 825.4766, 783.4842, 621.4380, 459.3929 | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer [36] |
90 | 18.33 | C53H88O22 | 1075.5661 | −3.4 | −H | 1029.5633, 987.5476, 945.5389, 783.4842, 621.4412, 459.3138 | 459-Glc-Glc-Glc-2Acetyl isomer |
91 | 18.64 | C57H94O23 | 1191.6136 | −3.2 | +HCOO | 1145.6045, 1077.5704, 945.5193, 915.5182, 783.4842, 621.4349, 459.3983 | Ginsenoside Ra7 [37] |
92 | 18.73 | C47H80O17 | 961.5347 | −3 | +HCOO | 915.5413, 783.4913, 753.4709, 621.4381, 459.3738 | Gypenoside IX [26] |
93 | 18.90 | C50H84O19 | 1033.5555 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 987.5396, 945.5271, 825.4803, 783.4806, 621.4349, 459.3929 | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) isomer [36] |
94 | 19.14 | C57H94O23 | 1191.6134 | −3.4 | +HCOO | 1145.6002, 1077.5787, 945.5545, 915.5182, 783.4842, 621.4412, 459.3111 | Ginsenoside Ra8/Ginsenoside Ra9 [37] |
95 | 20.23 | C42H66O14 | 793.4360 | −2 | −H | 793.4326, 631.3907, 455.3514 | Chikusetsusaponin Iva isomer [26] |
96 | 20.34 | C52H86O19 | 1059.5710 | −3.6 | +HCOO | 1013.5490, 945.5467, 783.4949, 621.4444, 459.2893 | Quinquenoside I [36] |
97 | 20.58 | C42H72O13 | 829.4928 | −2.7 | +HCOO | 783.4949, 621.4349, 459.3738 | * (20S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 |
98 | 20.60 | C57H94O23 | 1191.6162 | −0.6 | +HCOO | 1145.6519, 1077.5662, 945.5545, 915.5451, 783.4949, 621.4254, 459.3738 | Ginsenoside Ra8/Ginsenoside Ra9 [37] |
99 | 20.87 | C44H74O14 | 871.5036 | −2.5 | +HCOO | 825.5036, 783.4842, 621.4444, 459.3683 | 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rs3 [27] |
100 | 21.44 | C42H72O13 | 829.4936 | −1.9 | +HCOO | 783.4949, 621.4380, 459.3765 | * (20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 |
101 | 21.57 | C44H74O14 | 871.5036 | −2.4 | +HCOO | 825.5058, 783.4842, 621.4380, 459.3820 | (20R)-Ginsenoside Rs3 [8] |
102 | 24.25 | C42H70O12 | 811.4847 | −0.2 | +HCOO | 765.4741, 603.4275, 441.1546 | Ginsenoside Rk1/Ginsenoside Rz1 [38,39] |
103 | 24.53 | C36H62O8 | 667.4426 | −0.1 | +HCOO | 621.4317, 459.4011 | * 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 |
104 | 24.56 | C36H62O8 | 667.4426 | −0.1 | +HCOO | 621.3524, 459.4038 | * 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 |
105 | 24.62 | C42H70O12 | 811.4847 | −0.2 | +HCOO | 765.4530, 603.3338, 441.2454 | Ginsenoside Rk1/Ginsenoside Rz1 [38,39] |
Source | Peak No | tR (min) | Observed m/z | Adducts | Aglycone Type | Identification | Main Existing Groups |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MR and FR | 20 | 6.31 | 991.5446 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Re | Fibrous root |
24 | 7.23 | 1033.5545 | +HCOO | PPT | 6′′′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Re/isomer | Fibrous root | |
39 | 9.15 | 845.4881 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rf | Fibrous root | |
46 | 10.58 | 829.4936 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rg2 | Fibrous root | |
48 | 11.19 | 1255.6295 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Ra2 | Fibrous root | |
50 | 11.49 | 1153.5979 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb1 | Fibrous root | |
51 | 11.66 | 1297.6387 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Ra5/(3β, 12β)-3-[[2-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Fibrous root | |
54 | 11.99 | 1195.6074 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Fibrous root | |
56 | 12.42 | 1123.5869 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rc | Fibrous root | |
59 | 13.00 | 1165.5969 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Fibrous root | |
61 | 13.32 | 1195.6077 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Fibrous root | |
63 | 13.43 | 1123.5865 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb2 | Fibrous root | |
65 | 13.78 | 1123.5871 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb3 | Fibrous root | |
67 | 14.00 | 1165.597 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Fibrous root | |
69 | 14.36 | 1165.5972 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Fibrous root | |
77 | 15.60 | 1165.5974 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Fibrous root | |
79 | 15.82 | 991.5443 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rd | Fibrous root | |
80 | 16.50 | 1033.5548 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Fibrous root | |
81 | 16.92 | 1033.5549 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Fibrous root | |
86 | 17.84 | 1033.555 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Fibrous root | |
MR and BR | 20 | 6.31 | 991.5446 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Re | Branch root |
24 | 7.23 | 1033.5545 | +HCOO | PPT | 6′′′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Re/isomer | Branch root | |
39 | 9.15 | 845.4881 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rf | Branch root | |
46 | 10.58 | 829.4936 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rg2 | Branch root | |
50 | 11.49 | 1153.5979 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb1 | Branch root | |
54 | 11.99 | 1195.6074 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Branch root | |
56 | 12.42 | 1123.5869 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rc | Branch root | |
59 | 13.00 | 1165.5969 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Branch root | |
61 | 13.32 | 1195.6077 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Branch root | |
63 | 13.43 | 1123.5865 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb2 | Branch root | |
67 | 14.00 | 1165.597 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Branch root | |
69 | 14.36 | 1165.5972 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Branch root | |
77 | 15.60 | 1165.5974 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Branch root | |
79 | 15.82 | 991.5443 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rd | Branch root | |
80 | 16.50 | 1033.5548 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Branch root | |
81 | 16.92 | 1033.5549 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Branch root | |
86 | 17.84 | 1033.555 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Branch root | |
MR and RH | 20 | 6.31 | 991.5446 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Re | Rhizome |
24 | 7.23 | 1033.5545 | +HCOO | PPT | 6′′′-O-Acetyl-ginsenoside Re/isomer | Rhizome | |
39 | 9.15 | 845.4881 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rf | Rhizome | |
46 | 10.58 | 829.4936 | +HCOO | PPT | Ginsenoside Rg2 | Rhizome | |
50 | 11.49 | 1153.5979 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb1 | Rhizome | |
53 | 11.93 | 955.4868 | +HCOO | OA | Ginsenoside Ro | Rhizome | |
54 | 11.99 | 1195.6074 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Rhizome | |
56 | 12.42 | 1123.5869 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rc | Rhizome | |
59 | 13.00 | 1165.5969 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Rhizome | |
61 | 13.32 | 1195.6077 | +HCOO | PPD | Quinquenoside R1/(3β, 12β)-20-[[6-O-(6-O-Acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or isomer | Rhizome | |
63 | 13.43 | 1123.5865 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rb2 | Rhizome | |
67 | 14.00 | 1165.597 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Rhizome | |
69 | 14.36 | 1165.5972 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Rhizome | |
75 | 14.93 | 793.4361 | −H | OA | Chikusetsusaponin Iva | Rhizome | |
77 | 15.60 | 1165.5974 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rs1/Ginsenoside Rs2/Pseudoginsenoside F8 isomer | Rhizome | |
79 | 15.82 | 991.5443 | +HCOO | PPD | Ginsenoside Rd | Rhizome | |
80 | 16.50 | 1033.5548 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Rhizome | |
81 | 16.92 | 1033.5549 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Rhizome | |
86 | 17.84 | 1033.5550 | +HCOO | PPD | Pseudoginsenoside Rc1/Quinquenoside III/β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β, 12β)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-(6-oot niteO-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(9CI) or isomer | Rhizome |
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Pan, J.; Zheng, W.; Pang, X.; Zhang, J.; Chen, X.; Yuan, M.; Yu, K.; Guo, B.; Ma, B. Comprehensive Investigation on Ginsenosides in Different Parts of a Garden-Cultivated Ginseng Root and Rhizome. Molecules 2021, 26, 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061696
Pan J, Zheng W, Pang X, Zhang J, Chen X, Yuan M, Yu K, Guo B, Ma B. Comprehensive Investigation on Ginsenosides in Different Parts of a Garden-Cultivated Ginseng Root and Rhizome. Molecules. 2021; 26(6):1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061696
Chicago/Turabian StylePan, Junqian, Wei Zheng, Xu Pang, Jie Zhang, Xiaojuan Chen, Ming Yuan, Kate Yu, Baolin Guo, and Baiping Ma. 2021. "Comprehensive Investigation on Ginsenosides in Different Parts of a Garden-Cultivated Ginseng Root and Rhizome" Molecules 26, no. 6: 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061696