Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates—From Drugs to Bugs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Targeted Therapies
2.1. Cancer Therapies
2.2. Central Nervous System Therapies
2.3. Antimicrobials
3. Targeted Vaccinations
3.1. Protein Subunit Vaccine Conjugates
3.2. Glyconjugate Vaccines
3.3. Conjugated Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines
3.4. Targeting and Conjugation Involving Whole-Cell Vaccines
4. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Targeting Unit | Cargo | Targeted Disease/Treatment/Effect | Stage of Use |
---|---|---|---|
Cancer Therapies | |||
α-LIV-1 Ab | Monomethyl auristatin E | Metastatic breast cancer [15,16,17,34] | Phase 2 trials |
α-HER2 Ab | Deruxtecan | HER2-positive breast & stomach cancer [15,18] | Clinical use |
α-HER2 Ab | Mertansine | HER2-positive early breast cancer [23] | Clinical use |
α-CD33 Ab | N-acetyl γ calicheamicin | Acute myeloid leukemia [24,25,35] | Clinical use |
α-CD33 Ab | Calicheamicin | Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia [24] | Clinical use |
α-CD30 Ab | Monomethyl auristatin E | Hodgkin’s lymphoma [22] | Clinical use |
α-CD22 Ab | Calicheamicin | Relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [25] | Clinical use |
α-gp72 Ab | Monomethyl auristatin E | Models of ovarian and colon carcinoma [30] | Pre-clinical |
Central Nervous System Therapies | |||
B6 peptide | Curcumin | Alzheimer’s disease. Delivery of loaded NPs to TfRs on the BBB, improved memory & learning [36] | Pre-clinical |
TP10 peptide | Dopamine | Parkinson’s disease. Delivery of dopamine to the brain [37] | Pre-clinical |
LJM3064 aptamer | Exosomes | Multiple sclerosis (EAE) associated demyelination [38] | Pre-clinical |
α-PSA-NECM Ab | SC-79 | Post-stroke neuro-regeneration. Delivery of SC-79 loaded NPs to neuroblasts to enhance pro-survival signaling [39] | Pre-clinical |
Antimicrobials | |||
α-teichoic acid Ab | Rifalogue | Enhanced killing of intracellular MRSA [40] | Pre-clinical |
α toxin-reactive NPs | Vancomycin | Controlled release of antibiotic at the site of infection [41] | Pre-clinical |
Targeted Vaccinations | |||
α-Clec9A Ab | Influenza M2e | Target influenza Ag to DCs to enhance responses & protection [35] | Pre-clinical |
α-MHC-II Ab | Influenza HA | Increased α-HA Ab & Th2 responses, protecting against influenza [42] | Pre-clinical |
α-CCR1/3/5 Ab | Influenza HA | Increased CD8+ & Th1 responses, protecting against influenza [42] | Pre-clinical |
Xcl1 | Influenza HA | Increased proliferation of CD4+ & CD8+ T cells against influenza [43,44] | Pre-clinical |
Ccl3 | Influenza HA | Target HA to CCR1/3/5 to induce CD4+ T cells against influenza [43] | Pre-clinical |
Diptheria toxoid | Nm PS | Increased α-Nm PS Abs, protection for meningococcal disease [45] | Clinical use |
Pa exotoxin protein A | Kp PS | Increased α-Kp PS Abs, protection against Kp infection [46] | Pre-clinical |
Qβ VLPs | Pfs25 | Increased transmission-blocking Abs against malaria [47] | Pre-clinical |
Mannose | hepB DNA | APC transfection via MR, stimulating α-HepB responses [48] | Pre-clinical |
C3d | Se FimA | Increased immunogenicity of FimA, protection against Se [49] | Pre-clinical |
C3d | HIV1 Env | Increased neutralizing Ab production against HIV1 [50] | Pre-clinical |
C3d | Ft whole cells | Increased Ag binding to APCs, protection against tularemia [51] | Pre-clinical |
C3d p28 | Ts Ag30 | Increased Ab production, protection against trichinosis [52] | Pre-clinical |
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Tummillo, K.M.; Hazlett, K.R.O. Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates—From Drugs to Bugs. Molecules 2021, 26, 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051479
Tummillo KM, Hazlett KRO. Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates—From Drugs to Bugs. Molecules. 2021; 26(5):1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051479
Chicago/Turabian StyleTummillo, Kristen M., and Karsten R.O. Hazlett. 2021. "Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates—From Drugs to Bugs" Molecules 26, no. 5: 1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051479