Single Molecule Characterization of Amyloid Oligomers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Characterization of Amyloid Oligomers by Single Molecule Fluorescence Detection
2.1. The Size Distribution of Amyloid Oligomers
2.2. Conformational Diversity of Amyloid Oligomers
2.3. Kinetics and Dynamics of Oligomerization during Amyloid Aggregation
2.4. Thermodynamic Properties of Amyloid Oligomers
2.5. The Effects of Different Factors on the Amyloid Aggregation Pathway
Factor [with Reference] | Amyloid Protein | Effect on Fibril Formation | Microscopic Mechanism |
---|---|---|---|
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) [126] | Tau | Inhibition | Stabilizes monomer and oligomer; sequesters fibril seeds |
Clusterin [62] | Aβ40 | Inhibition | Interacts with oligomers to form stable complexes |
αB-crystallin [127] | Aβ40 | Inhibition | Stabilize oligomers to prevent their growth into fibrils |
GroEL [128] | Aβ42 | Inhibition | Interacts with monomers |
Clusterin [129] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Binds to oligomers |
α2-macroglobulin [129] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Binds to oligomers |
Heat shock protein (Hsp27) [130] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Binds to the fibrillar species to inhibit elongation |
Polyphenols [138] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Disaggregates preformed oligomers |
Arginine [139] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Changes oligomer conformations |
Glutamine [139] | α-synuclein | Acceleration | Promotes oligomer formation |
Nanobodies [107] | α-synuclein | Inhibition | Changes oligomer conformations |
Short peptide [145] | Ure2 | Acceleration | Promotes oligomer conversion |
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, J.; Perrett, S.; Wu, S. Single Molecule Characterization of Amyloid Oligomers. Molecules 2021, 26, 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040948
Yang J, Perrett S, Wu S. Single Molecule Characterization of Amyloid Oligomers. Molecules. 2021; 26(4):948. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040948
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jie, Sarah Perrett, and Si Wu. 2021. "Single Molecule Characterization of Amyloid Oligomers" Molecules 26, no. 4: 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040948