Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Plant Extracts
2.2. Investigation of In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Standards
2.3. Investigation of In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Plant Extracts
2.4. Correlation of Alkaloid Contents with Cytotoxic Activity of M. aquifolium Extracts
3. Experimental
3.1. Chemicals and Plant Materials
3.2. Apparatus and HPLC Conditions
3.2.1. HPLC-DAD
3.2.2. HPLC-MS/MS
3.3. Extraction Procedure
3.4. Investigation of Cytotoxic Activity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alkaloid | tR | Equation of Calibration Curve | r | LOD [mg/mL] | LOQ [mg/mL] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berberine | 32.95 | y = 70,984,852x − 3,300,769 | 0.9990 | 0.0128 | 0.0422 |
Magnoflorine | 4.42 | y = 25,635,805x − 251,782 | 0.9998 | 0.0039 | 0.0120 |
Palmatine | 28.55 | y = 52,900,150x + 732,112 | 0.9982 | 0.0009 | 0.0028 |
Alkaloid | Contents of Alkaloids in Plant Extracts Obtained from Different Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons (mg/g of Dry Plant Material) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Before Flowering | During Flowering | After Flowering | |
Cortex | |||
Berberine | 0.133 * | 3.313 | 0.066 |
Magnoflorine | 0.086 * | - | 0.099 |
Palmatine | 0.036 * | 0.790 | 0.789 |
Leaves | |||
Berberine | - | 0.0217 | <LOQ |
Magnoflorine | 0.322 * | 0.2342 | 0.317 |
Palmatine | - | <LOQ | - |
Barked stalk | |||
Berberine | ● | 0.436 | 0.043 |
Magnoflorine | ● | - | 0.188 |
Palmatine | ● | 0.065 | 0.339 |
Roots | |||
Berberine | ● | 7.036 | 0.0074 |
Magnoflorine | ● | - | - |
Palmatine | ● | 0.620 | 0.299 |
Fruit | |||
Berberine | ● | ● | <LOQ |
Magnoflorine | ● | ● | - |
Palmatine | ● | ● | - |
IC50 (µg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|
A375 | G361 | SK-MEL-3 | |
Mahonia aquifolium root | 34.13 ± 0.41 | 5.56 ± 1.07 | 10.53 ± 0.12 |
Mahonia aquifolium cortex | 51.66 ± 1.61 | 4.78 ± 0.78 | 16.80 ± 0.26 |
Mahonia aquifolium leaves | >200 | 15.55 ± 2.04 | 11.50 ± 0.75 |
Mahonia aquifolium barked stalk | 69.67 ± 1.66 | 14.49 ± 1.76 | 41.66 ± 0.89 |
Berberine | 52.73 ± 5.63 | 21.25 ± 3.25 | 40.94 ± 5.42 |
Magnoflorine | >200 | >200 | >200 |
Palmatine | >200 | 119.98 ± 10.44 | 88.04 ± 7.16 |
Cell Line | Berberine | Palmatine | Berberine and Palmatine | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equation | r | Equation | r | Equation | r | |
A375 | y = −5.35x + 71.06 | 0.9966 | y = −34.55x + 68.81 | 0.7372 | y = −4.97x + 72.12 | 1.0000 |
G361 | y = −1.52x + 14.286 | 0.8490 | y = −14.06x + 15.19 | 0.9882 | y = −1.42x + 14.45 | 0.8889 |
SK-MEL-3 | y = −2.20x + 26.07 | 0.4877 | y = −39.69x + 42.51 | 0.9140 | y = −2.01x + 26.30 | 0.4899 |
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Tuzimski, T.; Petruczynik, A.; Kaproń, B.; Makuch-Kocka, A.; Szultka-Młyńska, M.; Misiurek, J.; Szymczak, G.; Buszewski, B. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons. Molecules 2021, 26, 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040816
Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Kaproń B, Makuch-Kocka A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Misiurek J, Szymczak G, Buszewski B. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons. Molecules. 2021; 26(4):816. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040816
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuzimski, Tomasz, Anna Petruczynik, Barbara Kaproń, Anna Makuch-Kocka, Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska, Justyna Misiurek, Grażyna Szymczak, and Bogusław Buszewski. 2021. "Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons" Molecules 26, no. 4: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040816