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Volume 26
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10.3390/molecules26206143
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Review

New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review

by
Vittorio Bolcato
,
Claudia Carelli
,
Alessandra Radogna
,
Francesca Freni
,
Matteo Moretti
and
Luca Morini
*
Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Via C. Forlanini 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(20), 6143; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206143
Submission received: 10 September 2021 / Revised: 5 October 2021 / Accepted: 8 October 2021 / Published: 12 October 2021
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Abstract

The analysis of psychoactive substances in hair is of great importance for both clinical and forensic toxicologists since it allows one to evaluate past and continuative exposure to xenobiotics. In particular, a new challenge is represented by new psychoactive substances: Among this new class of drugs of abuse, synthetic cathinone and phenethylamine derivatives are often detected in biological samples. Hence, there is a growing need to develop new analytical procedures or improve old ones in order to conduct evaluations of these emerging substances. This study is a systematic review of all the instrumental and experimental data available in the literature. A total of 32 articles were included in the review. Acidic solvents proved to be the most reliable solutions for extraction. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric and high-resolution mass spectrometric systems represent the majority of the involved instrumental techniques. Sensitivity must be maintained at the pg/mg level to detect any occurrences up to occasional consumption. In total, 23 out of 32 articles reported real positive samples. The most frequently detected substance in hair was mephedrone, followed by butylone, methylone, MDPV, and α-pyrrolidinophenone-type substances.
Keywords: NPS; synthetic cathinones; phenylethylamine and derivatives; hair analysis NPS; synthetic cathinones; phenylethylamine and derivatives; hair analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bolcato, V.; Carelli, C.; Radogna, A.; Freni, F.; Moretti, M.; Morini, L. New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review. Molecules 2021, 26, 6143. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206143

AMA Style

Bolcato V, Carelli C, Radogna A, Freni F, Moretti M, Morini L. New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review. Molecules. 2021; 26(20):6143. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206143

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bolcato, Vittorio, Claudia Carelli, Alessandra Radogna, Francesca Freni, Matteo Moretti, and Luca Morini. 2021. "New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review" Molecules 26, no. 20: 6143. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206143

APA Style

Bolcato, V., Carelli, C., Radogna, A., Freni, F., Moretti, M., & Morini, L. (2021). New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review. Molecules, 26(20), 6143. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206143

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