Optimization of Extraction or Purification Process of Multiple Components from Natural Products: Entropy Weight Method Combined with Plackett–Burman Design and Central Composite Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Screening of Resin Types
2.2. Single-Factor Experiments
2.3. Screening of Main Influencing Factors
2.4. Central Composite Design (CCD) Results
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemical and Reagents
3.2. Establishment of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Fingerprint
3.3. Entropy Weight Method
- (1)
- Normalization of indicators:
- (2)
- Calculation of the proportion of the j-th index (pij):
- (3)
- Calculation of the entropy value of the j-th index (ej):
- (4)
- Calculation the information entropy redundancy of the j-th index (dj):
- (5)
- Calculation the entropy weight coefficient (wj) of the j-th index:
3.4. Pretreatment of Macroporous Adsorption Resins
3.5. Static Adsorption/Desorption Tests for Screening of Macroporous Resin Types
3.6. Single Factor Experiments
3.6.1. Effect of Elution Flow Rate on Saponins Purification
3.6.2. Effect of Ethanol Volume Fraction on Saponins Purification
3.6.3. Effect of Sample Volume on Saponins Purification
3.6.4. Effect of Elution Volume on Saponins Purification
3.6.5. Effect of Sample Flow Rate on Saponins Purification
3.6.6. Effect of pH Value on Saponins Purification
3.6.7. Effect of Sample Solution Concentration on Saponins Purification
3.7. Screening of Main Influencing Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Recovery % | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | |
NKA-9 | 50% | 27% | 8% | 4% | 62% | 9% | 1% |
ADS-8 | 53% | 17% | 8% | 4% | 80% | 3% | 3% |
H-20 | 58% | 70% | 61% | 25% | 81% | 83% | 86% |
DM-130 | 53% | 42% | 13% | 8% | 55% | 1% | 2% |
S-8 | 47% | 34% | 9% | 6% | 68% | 0% | 1% |
X-5 | 70% | 86% | 42% | 56% | 66% | 97% | 96% |
HPD-300 | 57% | 78% | 71% | 30% | 71% | 83% | 76% |
HPD-400 | 48% | 30% | 8% | 4% | 56% | 1% | 2% |
D101 | 84% | 93% | 18% | 85% | 64% | 77% | 89% |
AB-8 | 82% | 92% | 99% | 90% | 50% | 83% | 95% |
No. | A Elution Flow Rate mL/min | B Eluent Volume BV | C | D Ethanol Volume Fraction % | E Extraction Solvent Concentration g/mL | F | G Sample Volume | H Sample Flow Rate mL/min | I | J PH Value | K | Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.5 | 8 | - | 50% | 1 | - | 0.8 | 1.5 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.1033 |
2 | 2 | 10 | - | 70% | 1 | - | 0.8 | 1 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.7906 |
3 | 1.5 | 8 | - | 70% | 0.5 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.0703 |
4 | 2 | 8 | - | 70% | 1 | - | 0.8 | 1 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.7632 |
5 | 2 | 10 | - | 50% | 0.5 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.3425 |
6 | 2 | 10 | - | 50% | 0.5 | - | 0.8 | 1.5 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.0851 |
7 | 1.5 | 10 | - | 50% | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.1267 |
8 | 1.5 | 10 | - | 70% | 1 | - | 1 | 1.5 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.2229 |
9 | 1.5 | 8 | - | 50% | 0.5 | - | 0.8 | 1 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.7976 |
10 | 2 | 8 | - | 50% | 1 | - | 1 | 1.5 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.2116 |
11 | 1.5 | 10 | - | 70% | 0.5 | - | 0.8 | 1.5 | - | 6.5 | - | 0.3805 |
12 | 2 | 8 | - | 70% | 0.5 | - | 1 | 1.5 | - | 5.5 | - | 0.4791 |
Factor | SS | DF | MS | F Value | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.814189 | 7 | 0.116313 | 7.68 | 0.034 |
A | 0.004005 | 1 | 0.004005 | 0.26 | 0.634 |
B | 0.050962 | 1 | 0.050962 | 3.36 | 0.141 |
D | 0.221486 | 1 | 0.221486 | 14.62 | 0.019 |
E | 0.24471 | 1 | 0.24471 | 16.15 | 0.016 |
G | 0.06952 | 1 | 0.06952 | 4.59 | 0.099 |
H | 0.010557 | 1 | 0.010557 | 0.7 | 0.451 |
J | 0.21295 | 1 | 0.21295 | 14.05 | 0.02 |
Residual | 0.060609 | 4 | 0.015152 | ||
Cor total | 0.874798 | 11 |
X1 | X2 | X3 | Z | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0.5452 |
2 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 0.2407 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6756 |
4 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 0.4996 |
5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3569 |
6 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 0.4966 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1344 |
8 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 0.9266 |
9 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 0.3113 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6674 |
11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.9335 |
12 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9251 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6466 |
14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4142 |
15 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 0.5993 |
16 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 0.3321 |
17 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0.0831 |
Factor | SS | DF | MF | F Value | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.96 | 9 | 0.11 | 5.15 | 0.021 |
A | 0.21 | 1 | 0.21 | 10.33 | 0.0148 |
B | 0.17 | 1 | 0.17 | 8.12 | 0.0247 |
C | 0.046 | 1 | 0.046 | 2.2 | 0.1812 |
AB | 0.11 | 1 | 0.11 | 5.24 | 0.0558 |
AC | 1.085 × 10−3 | 1 | 1.085 × 10−3 | 0.052 | 0.8255 |
BC | 0.022 | 1 | 0.022 | 1.07 | 0.3346 |
A2 | 9.302 × 10−5 | 1 | 9.302 × 10−5 | 4.491 × 10−3 | 0.9484 |
B2 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.25 | 12.05 | 0.0104 |
C2 | 0.28 | 1 | 0.28 | 13.7 | 0.0076 |
Residual | 0.14 | 7 | 0.021 | ||
Lack of fit | 0.14 | 5 | 0.029 | 129.28 | 0.0077 |
Pure Error | 4.472 × 10−4 | 2 | 2.236 × 10−4 | ||
Cor total | 1.1 | 16 |
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | Z | RSD % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCD | 98.17% | 95.47% | 116.91% | 95.22% | 89.79% | 96.37% | 99.71% | 1.0017 | 0.15% |
98.38% | 95.63% | 117.76% | 95.59% | 89.13% | 97.42% | 98.40% | 1.0041 | ||
98.21% | 96.70% | 118.30% | 95.92% | 88.39% | 96.79% | 99.21% | 1.0047 | ||
Weight | 0.123 | 0.146 | 0.219 | 0.124 | 0.162 | 0.104 | 0.122 |
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Du, Y.; Huang, P.; Jin, W.; Li, C.; Yang, J.; Wan, H.; He, Y. Optimization of Extraction or Purification Process of Multiple Components from Natural Products: Entropy Weight Method Combined with Plackett–Burman Design and Central Composite Design. Molecules 2021, 26, 5572. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185572
Du Y, Huang P, Jin W, Li C, Yang J, Wan H, He Y. Optimization of Extraction or Purification Process of Multiple Components from Natural Products: Entropy Weight Method Combined with Plackett–Burman Design and Central Composite Design. Molecules. 2021; 26(18):5572. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185572
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Yu, Pengcheng Huang, Weifeng Jin, Chang Li, Jiehong Yang, Haitong Wan, and Yu He. 2021. "Optimization of Extraction or Purification Process of Multiple Components from Natural Products: Entropy Weight Method Combined with Plackett–Burman Design and Central Composite Design" Molecules 26, no. 18: 5572. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185572