Determination of Albumin, Glucose, and Creatinine Employing a Single Sequential Injection Lab-at-Valve with Mono-Segmented Flow System Enabling In-Line Dilution, In-Line Single-Standard Calibration, and In-Line Standard Addition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Determination of Albumin
2.2. Determination of Glucose
2.3. Determination of Creatinine
2.4. Preliminary Work in Application to a Real Sample
3. Experimental
3.1. Reagents and Chemicals
3.2. The Instrument Setup
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: The urine samples are not available from the authors. |
No. | Analyte(s)/Sample (s) | Detection/Technique | Reagent | Role of Mono-Segmented | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Conditioning (Inline Dilution) | Inline Single Std. Calibration | Inline Std. Addition | |||||
1 | Fe(II) in pharmaceutical preparations, Cr(VI) in natural water and domestic waste water samples | solution handing for spectrophotometric determination (Fe(II) and Cr(VI)) | KMnO4 for Fe(II) and diphenylcarbazide for Cr(VI) | X | [1] | ||
2 | Fe(II) in anti-anemic medicine | spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) | 1,10-phenanthroline | X | X | X | [2] |
3 | sulfide in waters | spectrophotometric detection | Fe(III) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine hydrochloride | X | X | [3] | |
4 | atrazine | voltammetric detection | X | X | [4] | ||
5 | picloram in natural waters | voltammetric detection | X | X | [5] | ||
6 | Mg, Ca in water sample | flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection | X | X | [6] | ||
7 | methyl parathion in water sample | voltammetric detection | X | X | [7] | ||
8 | Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) in water samples | voltammetric dectection | X | X | X | [8] | |
9 | Al in water and beverage samples | tritrarion with spectrophotometric determination | sodium hydroxide as a titrant and phenolphthalein or thymolphthalein indicator | X | [9] | ||
10 | benzoic acid in a real beverage sample | amperometric detection | biosensor is based on the inhibition effect of benzoic acid on the biocatalytic activity of tyrosinase, polyphenol oxidase. | X | X | X | [10] |
11 | B in plants | spectrophotometric detection | azomethine-H | X | [11] | ||
12 | Se (IV) in raw Se-enriched yeast | spectrophotometric detection | o-pheneylenediamine | X | X | [12] | |
13 | Al in water and beverage samples. | spectrophotometric detection | Eriochrome cyanine R | X | X | [13] |
Biomarker | Concentration (mg/dL) |
---|---|
Albumin | 1.8 |
Glucose | not detectable ** |
creatinine | 129 |
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Kiwfo, K.; Wongwilai, W.; Sakai, T.; Teshima, N.; Grudpan, K. Determination of Albumin, Glucose, and Creatinine Employing a Single Sequential Injection Lab-at-Valve with Mono-Segmented Flow System Enabling In-Line Dilution, In-Line Single-Standard Calibration, and In-Line Standard Addition. Molecules 2020, 25, 1666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071666
Kiwfo K, Wongwilai W, Sakai T, Teshima N, Grudpan K. Determination of Albumin, Glucose, and Creatinine Employing a Single Sequential Injection Lab-at-Valve with Mono-Segmented Flow System Enabling In-Line Dilution, In-Line Single-Standard Calibration, and In-Line Standard Addition. Molecules. 2020; 25(7):1666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071666
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwfo, Kanokwan, Wasin Wongwilai, Tadao Sakai, Norio Teshima, and Kate Grudpan. 2020. "Determination of Albumin, Glucose, and Creatinine Employing a Single Sequential Injection Lab-at-Valve with Mono-Segmented Flow System Enabling In-Line Dilution, In-Line Single-Standard Calibration, and In-Line Standard Addition" Molecules 25, no. 7: 1666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071666