Therapeutic Potential of Rhododendron arboreum Polysaccharides in an Animal Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Inflicted Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of RAP on Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF
2.2. Histopathology Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Extraction of Polysaccharides
4.2. Drugs and Chemicals
4.3. Animals and Study Protocol
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Normal Control | LPS 10 mg/kg | RAP 100 mg/kg | RAP200 mg/kg |
---|---|---|---|---|
AST (U/L) | 52.19 ± 2.99 | 237.88 ± 9.86 * | 157.66 ± 6.31 *,# | 71.83 ± 4.19 *,# |
ALT (U/L) | 39.41 ± 2.39 | 215.25 ± 6.91 * | 106.37 ± 4.59 *,# | 72.36 ± 3.69 *,# |
LDH (U/L) | 305.32 ± 9.56 | 1026.33 ± 31.65 * | 786.25 ± 22.15 *,# | 562.69 ± 19.85 *,# |
BIL (µmol/L) | 1.55 ± 0.42 | 7.86 ± 1.11 * | 5.44 ± 0.95 *,# | 2.86 ± 0.81 *,# |
CK (U/L) | 72.88 ± 4.96 | 989.52 ± 20.96 * | 731.43 ± 17.96 *,# | 621.22 ± 21.39 *,# |
Cr (mg/dL) | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.03 * | 0.50 ± 0.04 *,# | 0.42 ± 0.03 *,# |
BUN (mg/dL) | 52.23 ± 1.84 | 155.46 ± 6.44 * | 95.43 ± 4.83 *,# | 71.92 ± 3.61 *,# |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.92 ± 0.36 | 2.49 ± 0.31 * | 2.86 ± 0.39 *,# | 3.45 ± 0.28 *,# |
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Ahmad, A.; Wali, A.F.; Rehman, M.U.; Khan, A.; Raish, M.; Kazi, M.; Alnemer, O.; G. M. Rao, P. Therapeutic Potential of Rhododendron arboreum Polysaccharides in an Animal Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Inflicted Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation. Molecules 2020, 25, 6045. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246045
Ahmad A, Wali AF, Rehman MU, Khan A, Raish M, Kazi M, Alnemer O, G. M. Rao P. Therapeutic Potential of Rhododendron arboreum Polysaccharides in an Animal Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Inflicted Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation. Molecules. 2020; 25(24):6045. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246045
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad, Ajaz, Adil Farooq Wali, Muneeb U. Rehman, Andleeb Khan, Mohammad Raish, Mohsin Kazi, Osamah Alnemer, and Padma G. M. Rao. 2020. "Therapeutic Potential of Rhododendron arboreum Polysaccharides in an Animal Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Inflicted Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation" Molecules 25, no. 24: 6045. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246045