Two- and Three-Dimensional Spectrofluorimetric Qualitative Analysis of Selected Vegetable Oils for Biomedical Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Methodology
3.1. Materials
3.2. Fluorescence Measurements
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lucarini, M.; Durazzo, A.; Nicoli, S.F.; Raffo, A.; Santini, A.; Novellino, E.; Souto, E.B.; Romani, A.; Belcaro, M.F.; Vita, C. Chapter 41—Cold pressed argan (Argania spinose) oil. In Cold Pressed Oils; Ramadan, M.F., Ed.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2020; pp. 459–465. [Google Scholar]
- Zielińska, A.; Wójcicki, K.; Klensporf-Pawlik, D.; Dias-Ferreira, J.; Lucarini, M.; Durazzo, A.; Lucariello, G.; Capasso, R.; Santini, A.; Souto, E.B.; et al. Chemical and Physical Properties of Meadowfoam Seed Oil and Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Focus on Vibrational Spectroscopy. J. Spectrosc. 2020, 2020, 8870170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Campos, J.R.; Severino, P.; Ferreira, C.S.; Zielinska, A.; Santini, A.; Souto, S.B.; Souto, E.B. Linseed Essential Oil—Source of Lipids as Active Ingredients for Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals. Curr. Med. Chem. 2019, 26, 4537–4558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Minaiyan, M.; Ghannadi, A.; Asadi, M.; Etemad, M.; Mahzouni, P. Anti-inflammatory effect of Prunus armeniaca L.(Apricot) extracts ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2014, 9, 225. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Turan, S.; Topcu, A.; Karabulut, I.; Vural, H.; Hayaloglu, A.A. Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, phytosterol, and tocopherol variations in kernel oil of Malatya apricots from Turkey. J. Agric. food Chem. 2007, 55, 10787–10794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ordás, I.; Eckmann, L.; Talamini, M.; Baumgart, D.C.; Sandborn, W.J. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 2012, 380, 1606–1619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Parry, J.; Su, L.; Luther, M.; Zhou, K.; Yurawecz, M.P.; Whittaker, P.; Yu, L. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 566–573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kraujalytė, V.; Venskutonis, P.R.; Pukalskas, A.; Česonienė, L.; Daubaras, R. Antioxidant properties, phenolic composition and potentiometric sensor array evaluation of commercial and new blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) genotypes. Food Chem. 2015, 188, 583–590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michalska, A.; Łysiak, G. Bioactive compounds of blueberries: Post-harvest factors influencing the nutritional value of products. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 18642–18663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, T.-K.; Zhong, L.; Santiago, J.L. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 19, 70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lizard, G.; Filali-Zegzouti, Y.; Midaoui, A.E. Benefits of Argan Oil on Human Health-May 4-6 2017, Errachidia, Morocco. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goik, U.; Goik, T.; Załęska, I. The properties and application of argan oil in cosmetology. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2019, 121, 1800313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berrougui, H.; Cloutier, M.; Isabelle, M.; Khalil, A. Phenolic-extract from argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) inhibits human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and enhances cholesterol efflux from human THP-1 macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2006, 184, 389–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Durazzo, A.; Lucarini, M.; Souto, E.B.; Cicala, C.; Caiazzo, E.; Izzo, A.A.; Novellino, E.; Santini, A. Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. Phytother. Res. 2019, 33, 2221–2243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yeung, A.W.K.; Durazzo, A.; Lucarini, M.; Souto, E.B.; Santini, A.; Gan, R.Y.; Jozwik, A.; Grzybek, W.; Echeverría, J.; Wang, D.; et al. Natural products in diabetes research: Quantitative literature analysis. Curr. Med. Chem. 2020, in press. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rychter, A.M.; Skrzypczak-Zielińska, M.; Zielińska, A.; Eder, P.; Souto, E.B.; Zawada, A.; Ratajczak, A.E.; Dobrowolska, A.; Krela-Kaźmierczak, I. Is the Retinol-Binding Protein 4 a Possible Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Obesity? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qu, L.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Tuo, X.; Fan, D.; Deng, J.; Yang, H. Kiwifruit seed oil prevents obesity by regulating inflammation, thermogenesis, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2019, 125, 85–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Irandoost, P.; Ebrahimi-Mameghani, M.; Pirouzpanah, S. Does grape seed oil improve inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight or obese women? Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2013, 64, 706–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- La Paz, S.M.-D.; Fernández-Arche, M.; Ángel-Martín, M.; García-Giménez, M. Phytochemical characterization of potential nutraceutical ingredients from Evening Primrose oil (Oenothera biennis L.). Phytochem. Lett. 2014, 8, 158–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montserrat-de la Paz, S.; Fernández-Arche, Á.; Ángel-Martín, M.; García-Giménez, M.D. The sterols isolated from Evening Primrose oil modulate the release of proinflammatory mediators. Phytomedicine 2012, 19, 1072–1076. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mahboubi, M. Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil in management of female ailments. J. Menopausal. Med. 2019, 25, 74–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Majdinasab, N.; Namjoyan, F.; Taghizadeh, M.; Saki, H. The effect of evening primrose oil on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2018, 14, 1505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Erşahin, Y.Ş.; Weiland, J.E.; Zasada, I.A.; Reed, R.L.; Stevens, J.F. Identifying rates of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal needed for suppression of Meloidogyne hapla and Pythium irregulare in soil. Plant Dis. 2014, 98, 1253–1260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zielińska, A.; Nowak, I. Fatty acids in vegetable oils and their importance in cosmetic industry. Chem. Nauka Tech. Rynek 2014, 68, 103–110. [Google Scholar]
- Undersander, D.; Oelke, E.; Kaminski, A.; Doll, J.; Putnam, D.; Combs, S.; Hanson, C. Alternative Field Crops Manual; University of Wisconsin-Madison and Minnesota: St. Paul, MI, USA, 1990; 48p. [Google Scholar]
- Alander, J.; Andersson, A.; Lindstrom, C. Cosmetic emollients with high stability against photo-oxidation. Lipid Technol. 2006, 18, 226. [Google Scholar]
- Slabaugh, M.B.; Cooper, L.D.; Kishore, V.K.; Knapp, S.J.; Kling, J.G. Genes affecting novel seed constituents in Limnanthes alba Benth: Transcriptome analysis of developing embryos and a new genetic map of meadowfoam. PeerJ 2015, 3, e915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zielińska, A.; Dąbrowska, M.; Nowak, I. Olej z nasion meadowfoam–„perła” wśród olejów roślinnych. Pol. J. Cosmetol. 2015, 18, 113–116. [Google Scholar]
- Zandomeneghi, M.; Carbonaro, L.; Caffarata, C. Fluorescence of vegetable oils: Olive oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 759–766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Díaz, T.G.; Merás, I.D.; Correa, C.A.; Roldán, B.; Cáceres, M.I.R. Simultaneous fluorometric determination of chlorophylls a and b and pheophytins a and b in olive oil by partial least-squares calibration. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 6934–6940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sikorska, E.; Górecki, T.; Khmelinskii, I.V.; Sikorski, M.; Kozioł, J. Classification of edible oils using synchronous scanning fluorescence spectroscopy. Food Chem. 2005, 89, 217–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carpenter, E.L.; Le, M.N.; Miranda, C.L.; Reed, R.L.; Stevens, J.F.; Indra, A.K.; Ganguli-Indra, G. Photoprotective Properties of Isothiocyanate and Nitrile Glucosinolate Derivatives From Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) Against UVB Irradiation in Human Skin Equivalent. Front. Pharmacol. 2018, 9, 477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wójcicki, K.; Khmelinskii, I.; Sikorski, M.; Caponio, F.; Paradiso, V.M.; Summo, C.; Pasqualone, A.; Sikorska, E. Spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics in analysis of blends of extra virgin with refined and mild deodorized olive oils. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2015, 117, 92–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wójcicki, K.; Grzechowiak, S.; Sikorska, E. Detection of extra virgin olive oil adulteration using fluorescence spectroscopy. Towarozn. Probl. Jakości 2013, 95, 100–107. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Y.; Lan, X.; Shen, Z.; Lu, J.; Ni, X. Influence of excitation light wavelength on the fluorescence spectra of ethanol solutions. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi Guang Pu 2005, 25, 242–245. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Song, C.; Li, R.; Ge, L.; Liu, Y. Study on the fluorescence characteristic and mechanism of ether-water solution. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi Guang Pu 2007, 27, 534–538. [Google Scholar]
- Lan, X.-F.; Luo, X.-S.; Shen, Z.-H.; Lu, J.; Liu, Y.; Ni, X.-W.; Peng, C.-D. Fluorescence spectrum characteristics of ethanol-water clusters. Acta Phys. Sin. 2005, 54, 5455–5461. [Google Scholar]
- Sv, B.N.K.; Tk, R.L.C.; Nr, K.S.B. Alcohol (Ethanol and Diethyl Ethyl Ether)-Diesel Blended Fuels for Diesel Engine Applications-A Feasible Solution. Adv. Automob. Eng. 2015, 4, 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Nikolova, K.; Zlatanov, M.; Eftimov, T.; Brabant, D.; Yosifova, S.; Halil, E.; Antova, G.; Angelova, M. Fluoresence Spectra From Vegetable Oils Using Violet And Blue Ld/Led Exitation And An Optical Fiber Spectrometer. Int. J. Food Prop. 2014, 17, 1211–1223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sikorska, E.; Wójcicki, K.; Kozak, W.; Gliszczyńska-Świgło, A.; Khmelinskii, I.; Górecki, T.; Caponio, F.; Paradiso, V.M.; Summo, C.; Pasqualone, A. Front-Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Quality Control of Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Oil During Storage. Foods 2019, 8, 665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Górnaś, P.; Radziejewska-Kubzdela, E.; Mišina, I.; Biegańska-Marecik, R.; Grygier, A.; Rudzińska, M. Tocopherols, Tocotrienols and Carotenoids in Kernel Oils Recovered from 15 Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Genotypes 2017, 94, 693–699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oomah, B.D.; Ladet, S.; Godfrey, D.V.; Liang, J.; Girard, B. Characteristics of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil. Food Chem. 2000, 69, 187–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khallouki, F.; Eddouks, M.; Mourad, A.; Breuer, A.; Owen, R.W. Ethnobotanic, Ethnopharmacologic Aspects and New Phytochemical Insights into Moroccan Argan Fruits. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Moser, B.R.; Knothe, G.; Cermak, S.C. Biodiesel from meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) seed oil: Oxidative stability and unusual fatty acid composition. Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3, 318–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, M.A.; Shahidi, F. Photooxidative stability of stripped and non-stripped borage and evening primrose oils and their emulsions in water. Food Chem. 2002, 79, 47–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sample | 2D | 3D |
---|---|---|
A | ||
B | ||
C | ||
D | ||
E | ||
F | ||
G |
Oil | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant | Apricot | Blueberry | Argan | Kiwi | Grape | Primrose | Meadowfoam |
tocopherols | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
(excitation range of 270–310 nm and the emission range of 300–360 nm) | |||||||
chlorophylls and pheophytins | x | ||||||
(excitation range of 330–450 nm and emission range between 660 to 700 nm) | |||||||
oxidation products | x | x | x | ||||
(excitation range at 300–350 nm and emission range 370–460 nm) |
Sample | Oil Name | Fatty Acids and Other Ingredients | Health Benefits Briefly |
---|---|---|---|
A | apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel oil | PA (5); LA (30); OA (65); tocopherols; phytosterols | improving balance of destructive cytokines and reduction of toxic stress in the bowel cells; antioxidant and antimicrobial activities |
B | blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) oil | PA (5.7); SA (2.8); ALA (25.1); LA (43.5); OA (22.9); anthocyanins; polyphenols; tocopherols; tocotrienols; carotenoids | improves inflammatory markers; promotes cardiovascular health; support healthy aging and gut health; radical scavenging activity |
C | argan (Argania spinosa) nut oil | PA (12.8); SA (5.8); ALA (0.5); LA (33); OA (46.6); polyphenols, tocopherols; antioxidants; sterols; carotenoids; xanthophylls; squalene | cardioprotective properties; used in the treatment of skin infections; cures skin pimples, juvenile acne, and chicken pox pustules; reduces the rate of appearance of wrinkles; fights dry skin and dry hair; choleretic, hepatoprotective, useful to treat hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis |
D | kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) seed oil | PA; SA; ALA (67); LA (14–57); OA (12); tocopherols; tocotrienols | aids in the relief of itchy, scaly, irritated skin conditions, e.g., eczema/psoriasis; improves skin elasticity, reduces skin lines, dryness, wrinkles, enhances regeneration of skin cells |
E | grape (Vitis vinifera) seed oil | PA; SA; ALA (0.5); LA (72–85); OA (10); tocopherols; tocotrienols; phenolic compounds [flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes]; resveratrol; quercetin; procyanidins; carotenoids; phytosterols; gallic acid; catechin; epicatechin; procyanidins; proanthocyanidins | maintenances the ratio between anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines on serum (TNF-α/IL-10); reduces oxidative stress, decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; inhibits lipid oxidation; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; has a toxicity effect on some pathogens, suggesting an antimicrobial feature; cardioprotective and anticancer effects; |
F | evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil | PA (6.2); SA (1.8); ALA (<2); LA (75); GLA (9–10); OA (5.4); phytosterols [4-desmethylsterols, erythrodiol and uvaol]; phenols [mainly ferulic acid]; tocopherols | widely used as a dietary supplement; helps in rheumatic and arthritic conditions, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, premenstrual and menopausal syndrome - although there is little evidence to support these uses; inhibitory effect on leukotriene synthesis; implicates various inflammatory and immunologic pathogeneses |
G | meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed oil | EA (63); EU (16–24); C22:1 (17); glucolimnanthin (3–4), methoxylated benzyl glucosinolate (a phenylalanine-derived); | anti-microbial properties; its exceptional oxidative stability and lubricity; ameliorates abnormal skin conditions |
Sample Availability: Not available. |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zielińska, A.; Kubasiewicz, K.; Wójcicki, K.; Silva, A.M.; Nunes, F.M.; Szalata, M.; Słomski, R.; Eder, P.; Souto, E.B. Two- and Three-Dimensional Spectrofluorimetric Qualitative Analysis of Selected Vegetable Oils for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020, 25, 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235608
Zielińska A, Kubasiewicz K, Wójcicki K, Silva AM, Nunes FM, Szalata M, Słomski R, Eder P, Souto EB. Two- and Three-Dimensional Spectrofluorimetric Qualitative Analysis of Selected Vegetable Oils for Biomedical Applications. Molecules. 2020; 25(23):5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235608
Chicago/Turabian StyleZielińska, Aleksandra, Konrad Kubasiewicz, Krzysztof Wójcicki, Amélia M. Silva, Fernando M. Nunes, Marlena Szalata, Ryszard Słomski, Piotr Eder, and Eliana B. Souto. 2020. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Spectrofluorimetric Qualitative Analysis of Selected Vegetable Oils for Biomedical Applications" Molecules 25, no. 23: 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235608