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Article

Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters

by
Irini Psarrou
1,
Antigoni Oreopoulou
1,2,
Dimitrios Tsimogiannis
1,3 and
Vassiliki Oreopoulou
1,*
1
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
2
Vioryl, Agricultural and Chemical Industry, Research S.A., 28th km National Road Athens-Lamia, Afidnes, 19014 Attiki, Greece
3
NFA (Natural Food Additives), Laboratory of Natural Extracts Development, 6 Dios st, Tavros, 17778 Athens, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(19), 4520; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194520
Submission received: 3 August 2020 / Revised: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 / Published: 2 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploitation of Natural Antioxidants: Isolation and Purification Techniques)
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Abstract

Rosemary residue, remaining after the distillation of essential oil, is currently unexploited, while it is a source of phenolic antioxidant components. This raw material was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds by aqueous ethanol or acetone in a continuously stirred reactor. The experimental results were fitted with a two-stage diffusion model. The highest extraction rates, total phenolic content (TPC) recovery, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were obtained by acetone 60% and ethanol 60%. Grinding of the raw material enhanced the extraction rate and increased TPC yield and antioxidant capacity as the particle size decreased. Pre-treatment by maceration in water (4 h) dissolved a high amount of TPC and shortened the extraction time, while the combination with the pulsed electric field process did not provide further improvement. The use of ultrasound increased the efficiency of the extraction.
Keywords: rosemary; solvent extraction; kinetics; phenolics; UAE rosemary; solvent extraction; kinetics; phenolics; UAE

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MDPI and ACS Style

Psarrou, I.; Oreopoulou, A.; Tsimogiannis, D.; Oreopoulou, V. Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters. Molecules 2020, 25, 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194520

AMA Style

Psarrou I, Oreopoulou A, Tsimogiannis D, Oreopoulou V. Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters. Molecules. 2020; 25(19):4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194520

Chicago/Turabian Style

Psarrou, Irini, Antigoni Oreopoulou, Dimitrios Tsimogiannis, and Vassiliki Oreopoulou. 2020. "Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters" Molecules 25, no. 19: 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194520

APA Style

Psarrou, I., Oreopoulou, A., Tsimogiannis, D., & Oreopoulou, V. (2020). Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters. Molecules, 25(19), 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194520

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