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Article

Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids

by
Oana Cadar
1,
Marin Senila
1,
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia
1,
Daniela Scurtu
1,
Ion Miu
2 and
Erika Andrea Levei
1,*
1
National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(11), 2570; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112570
Submission received: 24 April 2020 / Revised: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 / Published: 31 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)
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Abstract

This study presents the effect of thermal treatment (450, 500, 600, 750, and 800 °C) on a Romanian clinoptilolite-rich natural zeolite, along with the interaction of raw and thermally treated zeolites with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH = 1.20) at different zeolite to SGF ratios and exposure times. The zeolites were characterized using gravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the zeolite subjected to thermal treatment did not change significantly with the increase of temperature. Structural changes were not detectable by pXRD and FT-IR analyses in the zeolites thermally treated up to 500 °C, while above 600 °C a gradual structural breakdown of zeolite was noticed. At high temperatures, the broad, low-intensity peaks in pXRD patterns indicated the partial amorphization of the crystalline structure. The pXRD and FT-IR analyses showed that the crystalline structure of zeolites remains unaffected after their exposure to SGF. The results revealed that the amounts of Fe, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, and Si released depends mainly on the zeolite to SGF ratio, and to a lower extent on the thermal treatment temperature, while the exposure time of 1 to 7 days does not have a significant impact on the elements released in SGF.
Keywords: natural zeolite; clinoptilolite; thermal treatment; simulated gastric fluid natural zeolite; clinoptilolite; thermal treatment; simulated gastric fluid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cadar, O.; Senila, M.; Hoaghia, M.-A.; Scurtu, D.; Miu, I.; Levei, E.A. Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids. Molecules 2020, 25, 2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112570

AMA Style

Cadar O, Senila M, Hoaghia M-A, Scurtu D, Miu I, Levei EA. Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids. Molecules. 2020; 25(11):2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112570

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cadar, Oana, Marin Senila, Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia, Daniela Scurtu, Ion Miu, and Erika Andrea Levei. 2020. "Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids" Molecules 25, no. 11: 2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112570

APA Style

Cadar, O., Senila, M., Hoaghia, M.-A., Scurtu, D., Miu, I., & Levei, E. A. (2020). Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids. Molecules, 25(11), 2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112570

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