Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions
1
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
2
School of Forestry and Resources Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
3
Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Ashok Kakkar, Theo Van de Ven and Amir Sheikhi
Molecules 2019, 24(20), 3724; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203724
Received: 14 August 2019 / Revised: 8 October 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 / Published: 16 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Nanocelluloses)
To expand the application field of the pulping industry, this study conducted a series of sample preparations for processing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from a dry hardwood pulp to achieve optimal sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The properties of laboratory-prepared pulp CNCs (P-CNCs) were investigated with different preparation conditions including sulfuric acid concentrations, hydrolysis temperatures, and hydrolysis durations. Results showed a gradient of color changes observed with the increase of hydrolysis duration and temperature. Under certain conditions, the derived P-CNCs exhibited nanoscale dimensions, detected by transmission electron microscopy, and a crystallinity index similar to commercial products. In addition, the surface sulfate groups were assumed to be contributed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. However, a high acid concentration and long hydrolysis processing duration introduced more sulfate groups on the derived P-CNCs, which may have acted as flame retardants and, thus, increased the amount of char residue.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lin, K.-H.; Enomae, T.; Chang, F.-C. Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions. Molecules 2019, 24, 3724. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203724
AMA Style
Lin K-H, Enomae T, Chang F-C. Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions. Molecules. 2019; 24(20):3724. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203724
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Kuan-Hsuan; Enomae, Toshiharu; Chang, Feng-Cheng. 2019. "Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions" Molecules 24, no. 20: 3724. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203724
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