Antileishmanial Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Vitro Activity Against Leishmania Promastigotes and Cytotoxicity to Mammalian Cells
2.2. Activity Against Amastigotes of L. amazonensis
2.3. Electron Microscopy
2.4. In Vivo Infection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Extraction and Isolation of Compounds Brachydin A (1), Brachydin B (2), and Brachydin C (3)
4.3. Mice
4.4. Parasites
4.5. Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Against Axenic Promastigotes of Leishmania
4.6. Cytotoxicity Assay
4.7. In Vitro Macrophage Infection with L. amazonensis
4.8. Image Acquisition
4.9. Automated Image Analysis
4.10. Calculation of Biological Response
4.11. Drug Combination
4.12. Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.13. In Vivo Infection with L. amazonensis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
IC50 (µM) Promastigotes Leishmania sp. | IC50 Amastigotes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compound | L. amazonensis | L. braziliensis | L. infantum | CC50 MΦ | IC50 L. amazonensis | SI |
(1) | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | NC |
(2) | 9.16 ± 1 | 7.05 ± 1 | 12.90 ± 3 | >20 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | 9.1 |
(3) | 10 ± 0.80 | 8.82 ± 3 | 18.36 ± 2 | >20 | 6.25 ± 1.28 | 3.2 |
AMB | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.05 | >20 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 200 |
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Share and Cite
Rocha, V.P.C.; Quintino da Rocha, C.; Ferreira Queiroz, E.; Marcourt, L.; Vilegas, W.; Grimaldi, G.B.; Furrer, P.; Allémann, É.; Wolfender, J.-L.; Soares, M.B.P. Antileishmanial Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda. Molecules 2019, 24, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010001
Rocha VPC, Quintino da Rocha C, Ferreira Queiroz E, Marcourt L, Vilegas W, Grimaldi GB, Furrer P, Allémann É, Wolfender J-L, Soares MBP. Antileishmanial Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda. Molecules. 2019; 24(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleRocha, Vinícius P. C., Cláudia Quintino da Rocha, Emerson Ferreira Queiroz, Laurence Marcourt, Wagner Vilegas, Gabriela B. Grimaldi, Pascal Furrer, Éric Allémann, Jean-Luc Wolfender, and Milena B. P. Soares. 2019. "Antileishmanial Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda" Molecules 24, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010001