Removal Properties of Anionic Dye Eosin by Cetyltrimethylammonium Organo-Clays: The Effect of Counter-Ions and Regeneration Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Part
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of OCs
2.3. Effect of Washing Solution
2.4. Eosin Removal Experiment
2.5. Regeneration/Removal Cycles
2.6. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Elemental Analysis
3.2. Powder XRD Data
3.3. Solid 13C CP NMR Studies
3.4. Microtextural Properties
3.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.6. Thermal Stability Study
3.7. Removal Properties of Eosin Dye
3.7.1. Effect of the Initial Concentration
3.7.2. Effect of C16TMA Contents
3.7.3. Effect of Temperature
3.7.4. Effect of Preheated Treatment of OCs
3.8. Maximum Removal Amount
3.9. Regeneration Cycles
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Samples | C% | H% | N% | Up Take Amount (mmol/g) * |
---|---|---|---|---|
C16BrPG-2.40 | 39.23 | 5.88 | 2.34 | 1.60 |
C16ClPG-2.40 | 30.77 | 4.88 | 1.96 | 1.26 |
C16OHPG-2.40 | 18.91 | 3.60 | 1.69 | 0.93 |
Samples | C% | H% | N% | Up Take Amount (mmol/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C16BrPG-2.40 | 39.23 | 5.88 | 2.34 | 1.60 |
25% ethanol * | 20.52 | 4.40 | 1.22 | 0.90 |
50% ethanol * | 19.55 | 4.87 | 1.06 | 0.85 |
75% ethanol * | 18.76 | 4.54 | 1.01 | 0.82 |
Uploaded Amount | d001 (nm) | Interlayer Spacing | Arrangement |
---|---|---|---|
0.40 (Br) | 1.62 | 0.66 | Lateral monolayer |
0.80 (Br) | 2.14 | 1.18 | Lateral bilayer |
1.65 (Br) | 2.51 | 1.55 | Pseudo-trilayer |
2.40 (Br) | 3.61 | 2.65 | Paraffin bilayer, θ = 34° |
3.20 (Br) | 3.61 | 2.65 | Paraffin bilayer, θ = 34° |
C16BrPG-2.40r | 3.61 | 2.65 | Paraffin bilayer, θ = 34° |
C16ClPG-2.40 | 3.51 | 2.55 | Paraffin bilayer, θ = 32° |
C16OHPG-2.40 | 2.42 | 1.46 | paraffin monolayer, θ = 38° or pseudo trilayer |
C16BrPG-2.40 * | 2.42 | 1.46 | Lateral bilayer |
Carbon Atom | C16BrPG-2.40 | C16OHPG-2.40 | C16TMABr Solid |
---|---|---|---|
C2 | 65 | 67 | 63 (67.05, 64.55) |
C1 | 54 | 54 | 53 (54.61) |
C15 | 35 | 35 | 35 (36.40) |
C3–C17 (trans, t) | 33 | 33 | 33 (34.70) |
C3–C17 (gauche, g) | 30 | 30 | 29 (30.77–29.19) |
C2, C16 | 24 | 24 | 23 (23.12) |
C17 | 15 | 15 | 14 (16.14, 14.12) |
Samples | SBET (m2/g) | P.V. (cc/g) | A.P.D (nm) | (g) Ratio Conformation |
---|---|---|---|---|
PG-clay | 67.0 | 0.147 | 8.79 | - |
C16BrPG-2.40 | 23.4 | 0.081 | 13.6 | 0.36 |
C16ClPG-2.40 | 28.4 | 0.078 | 10.9 | 0.24 |
C16OHPG-2.40 | 11.5 | 0.086 | 19.8 | 0.47 |
Samples | Water Content (Mass%) | Organic Content * (Mass%) | Residue at 900 °C |
---|---|---|---|
PG-clay | 15.54 | 0 | 79.49 |
C16BrPG-2.40 | 3.51 | 36.13 | 47.52 |
C16ClPG-2.40 | 4.26 | 35.43 | 53.56 |
C16OHPG-2.40 | 3.85 | 18.79 | 63.56 |
Samples | Water Content (wt%) | Organic Content (wt%) | Residue at 900 °C |
---|---|---|---|
PG-clay | 15.54 | 0 | 79.49 |
C16BrPG-0.40 | 7.49 | 6.36 | 77.14 |
C16BrPG-0.80 | 4.71 | 12.97 | 67.26 |
C16BrPG-1.65 | 4.22 | 26.17 | 57.94 |
C16BrPG-2.40 | 3.72 | 34.98 | 49.08 |
Parameter | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|
298 K | 308 K | 323 K | |
ΔG° (kJ mol−1) | −4.11 | −6.02 | −7.91 |
Kd | 5.25 | 10.49 | 19.00 |
ΔS° (kJ mol−1·K) | 0.153 | ||
ΔH° (kJ mol−1) | 41.22 |
Samples | qmax (mg g−1) | KL (L g−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
PG clay | 3.45 | 0.00054 | 0.9675 |
C16BrPG-2.40 | 90.90 | 0.0263 | 0.9934 |
C16ClPG-2.40 | 74.07 | 0.0154 | 0.9921 |
C16OHPG-2.40 | 60.60 | 0.0117 | 0.9886 |
C16BrPG-0.40 | 30.76 | 0.0223 | 0.9974 |
C16BrPG-0.80 | 46.20 | 0.0242 | 0.9873 |
C16BrPG-1.65 | 54.64 | 0.0653 | 0.9885 |
C16BrPG-3.20 | 94.20 | 0.1234 | 0.9921 |
C16BrPG-2.40 (100) * | 75.11 | 0.0096 | 0.9914 |
C16BrPG-2.40 (150) * | 75.11 | 0.0096 | 0.9934 |
C16BrPG-2.40 (200) * | 64.47 | 0.0063 | 0.9827 |
C16BrPG-2.40 (215) * | 53.76 | 0.0039 | 0.9854 |
C16BrPG-2.40 (250) * | 38.09 | 0.0014 | 0.9875 |
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Kooli, F.; Liu, Y.; Abboudi, M.; Rakass, S.; Oudghiri Hassani, H.; Ibrahim, S.M.; Al-Faze, R. Removal Properties of Anionic Dye Eosin by Cetyltrimethylammonium Organo-Clays: The Effect of Counter-Ions and Regeneration Studies. Molecules 2018, 23, 2364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092364
Kooli F, Liu Y, Abboudi M, Rakass S, Oudghiri Hassani H, Ibrahim SM, Al-Faze R. Removal Properties of Anionic Dye Eosin by Cetyltrimethylammonium Organo-Clays: The Effect of Counter-Ions and Regeneration Studies. Molecules. 2018; 23(9):2364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092364
Chicago/Turabian StyleKooli, Fethi, Yan Liu, Mostafa Abboudi, Souad Rakass, Hicham Oudghiri Hassani, Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim, and Rawan Al-Faze. 2018. "Removal Properties of Anionic Dye Eosin by Cetyltrimethylammonium Organo-Clays: The Effect of Counter-Ions and Regeneration Studies" Molecules 23, no. 9: 2364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092364