Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare: Chemical Composition and Biological Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chromatographic Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
2.2. Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare Extract
2.3. Determination of Antimicrobial Activity
2.4. Hepatoprotective Activity of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare Extract
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Chemicals
3.3. Preparation of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare Extract
3.4. HPLC Chromatographic Conditions and Instrumentation
3.5. Determination of Polyphenols Content
3.6. Determination of Antioxidant Properties of O. vulgare Extract
3.6.1. CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) Assay
3.6.2. FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) Assay
3.6.3. Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation Catalyzed by Cytochrome c
3.6.4. Superoxide Radical (SO) Scavenging Activity Assay
3.7. Determination of Antimicrobial Activity
3.8. Hepatoprotective Activity Method
Oxidative Stress Markers
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Compounds | [M − H]−, m/z | Retention Time (tR), min | UV Detection | MS Detection | Concentration (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gentisic acid | 153 | 3.69 ± 0.04 | NO | YES | <0.02 |
Chlorogenic acid | 353 | 6.43 ± 0.05 | YES | YES | 2.10 ± 0.14 |
p-Coumaric acid | 163 | 9.48 ± 0.08 | NO | YES | <0.02 |
Hyperoside | 463 | 18.60 ± 0.12 | YES | YES | 1.05 ± 0.03 |
Isoquercitrin | 463 | 20.29 ± 0.10 | YES | YES | 0.71 ± 0.19 |
Rutin | 609 | 20.76 ± 0.15 | YES | YES | 0.64 ± 0.15 |
Rosmarinic acid | 360 | 21.80 ± 0.10 | YES | YES | 12.83 ± 2.19 |
Quercitrin | 447 | 23.64 ± 0.13 | YES | YES | 0.50 ± 0.08 |
Quercetin | 301 | 27.55 ± 0.15 | NO | YES | <0.02 |
Luteolin | 285 | 29.64 ± 0.19 | YES | YES | 0.10 ± 0.04 |
Sample | TPC (mg GAE/g) | Flavonoid (mg RE/g) | Caffeic Acids (mg CAE/g) | CUPRAC (µM TE/g) | FRAP (µM TE/g) | SO Scavenging (µM TE/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O. vulgare | 94.69 ± 4.03 | 38.46 ± 3.54 | 29.92 ± 1.08 | 1284 ± 66 | 794.40 ± 25.80 | 44.00 ± 0.56 |
Sample | Diameter of Inhibition Zone (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. enteritidis | E. coli | L. monocytogenes | S. aureus | A. niger | |
O. vulgare ssp. vulgare | 18.0 ± 0.00 | 16.0 ± 0.00 | 17.0 ± 1.00 | 16.0 ± 1.00 | 19.0 ± 0.00 |
Gentamicin | 19.0 ± 1.00 | 18.0 ± 1.06 | 22.0 ± 0.50 | 18.0 ± 0.00 | - |
Amphotericin B | - | - | - | - | 21.0 ± 0.00 |
Samples | MICs (µg/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S.enteritidis | E. coli | L.monocytogenes | S. aureus | A. niger | |
O. vulgare ssp. vulgare | 78.13 | 156.25 | 156.25 | 78.13 | 19.53 |
70% Ethanol | 625 | 2500 | 1250 | 625 | 2500 |
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Oniga, I.; Pușcaș, C.; Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R.; Olah, N.-K.; Sevastre, B.; Marica, R.; Marcus, I.; Sevastre-Berghian, A.C.; Benedec, D.; Pop, C.E.; et al. Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare: Chemical Composition and Biological Studies. Molecules 2018, 23, 2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082077
Oniga I, Pușcaș C, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Olah N-K, Sevastre B, Marica R, Marcus I, Sevastre-Berghian AC, Benedec D, Pop CE, et al. Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare: Chemical Composition and Biological Studies. Molecules. 2018; 23(8):2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082077
Chicago/Turabian StyleOniga, Ilioara, Cristina Pușcaș, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Neli-Kinga Olah, Bogdan Sevastre, Raluca Marica, Ioan Marcus, Alexandra Cristina Sevastre-Berghian, Daniela Benedec, Carmen Elena Pop, and et al. 2018. "Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare: Chemical Composition and Biological Studies" Molecules 23, no. 8: 2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082077