Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin
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Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Charles Xu and Michael Paleologou
Molecules 2018, 23(4), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040868
Received: 11 March 2018
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Revised: 3 April 2018
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Accepted: 6 April 2018
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Published: 10 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lignin for Energy, Chemicals and Materials)
Currently, lignin is mainly produced in pulping processes, but it is considered as an under-utilized chemical since it is being mainly used as a fuel source. Lignin contains many hydroxyl groups that can participate in chemical reactions to produce value-added products. Flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants have a wide range of applications in industry, but they are mainly oil-based chemicals and expensive. This paper reviews the pathways to produce water soluble lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants. It provides information on the recent progress in the possible use of these lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants. It also critically discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to produce such products. The challenges present in the production of lignin-based flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants and possible scenarios to overcome these challenges for commercial use of these products in industry are discussed.
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Keywords:
lignin; flocculants; dispersants; chemical reaction; product analysis; biorefining
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MDPI and ACS Style
Chen, J.; Eraghi Kazzaz, A.; AlipoorMazandarani, N.; Hosseinpour Feizi, Z.; Fatehi, P. Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin. Molecules 2018, 23, 868. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040868
AMA Style
Chen J, Eraghi Kazzaz A, AlipoorMazandarani N, Hosseinpour Feizi Z, Fatehi P. Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin. Molecules. 2018; 23(4):868. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040868
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jiachuan, Armin Eraghi Kazzaz, Niloofar AlipoorMazandarani, Zahra Hosseinpour Feizi, and Pedram Fatehi. 2018. "Production of Flocculants, Adsorbents, and Dispersants from Lignin" Molecules 23, no. 4: 868. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040868
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