Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Acidity and Basicity of the Chlorometallate ILs
2.2. Acidity and Basicity of the Mixed Chlorometallate ILs
2.3. Analysis of Fukui Function for Mixed Chlorometallate ILs
3. Methods
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
[Cation][Anion] | Vs,max | Vs,min | s,min1 | ∆E |
---|---|---|---|---|
[(C2H5)3NH][AlCl4] | 42.430 | −33.706 | 10.224 | −90.361 |
[(C2H5)3NH][Al2Cl7] | 52.596 | −30.145 | 10.480 | −96.637 |
[(C2H5)3NH][CuCl2] | 36.104 | −41.120 | 8.730 | −96.637 |
[(C2H5)3NH][ZnCl3] | 41.400 | −39.743 | 9.423 | −92.871 |
[C4mim][Cl] | 40.53 | −59.29 | 5.81 | −90.34 |
[C4mim][AlCl4] | 48.275 | −36.010 | 10.048 | −84.086 |
[C4mim][Al2Cl7] | 52.596 | −30.145 | 10.480 | −77.184 |
[C4mim][CuCl2] | 42.003 | −45.617 | 8.337 | −84.086 |
[C4mim][Cu2Cl3] | 43.950 | −40.194 | 9.324 | −56.476 |
[C4mim][ZnCl3] | 42.585 | −33.918 | 9.710 | −85.969 |
[C4mim][Zn2Cl5] | 44.895 | −37.392 | 9.834 | −75.765 |
[Cation][Anion] | Vs,max | Vs,min | s,min1 | ∆E |
---|---|---|---|---|
[(C2H5)3NH][CuAlCl5] | 43.261 | −37.11 | 9.261 | −88.479 |
[(C2H5)3NH][AgAlCl5] | 43.201 | −37.336 | 9.243 | −86.854 |
[(C2H5)3NCu][AlCl4] | 27.965 | −23.682 | 10.330 | −82.992 |
[(C2H5)3NCu][Al2Cl7] | 28.230 | −20.229 | 9.286 | −81.109 |
[(C2H5)3NAg][Al2Cl7] | 26.725 | −15.995 | 9.692 | −80.579 |
[(C2H5)3NH][ZnAlCl6] | 45.011 | −35.572 | 9.677 | −85.969 |
[C4mim][CuAlCl5] | 43.445 | −36.603 | 9.218 | −84.086 |
[C4mim][AgAlCl5] | 45.866 | −37.470 | 9.257 | −83.952 |
[benzene][CuAlCl4] | 35.085 | −20.596 | 10.891 | −26.982 |
[benzene][AlCl4]− | 33.680 | −28.760 | 9.724 | −28.987 |
[ether][CuAlCl4] | 35.305 | −23.540 | 10.871 | −15.060 |
[ether][AlCl4]− | 40.184 | −24.125 | 7.182 | −7.530 |
[Cation][Anion] | QCT | N1 | C2 | H(C2) | N3 | C4 | H(C4) | C5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[C4mim][Cl] | − | −0.045 | 0.008 | 0.273 | 0.043 | −0.142 | 0.225 | −0.226 |
[C4mim][AlCl4] | −0.407(−0.419) | 0.136 | −0.127 | 0.239 | 0.165 | −0.223 | 0.261 | −0.219 |
[C4mim][CuAlCl5] | −0.345(−0.378) | 0.171 | −0.073 | 0.244 | 0.149 | −0.248 | 0.305 | −0.256 |
[C4mim][ZnCl3] | −0.297(−0.267) | 0.093 | −0.115 | 0.234 | 0.098 | −0.078 | 0.253 | −0.187 |
[C4mim][Zn2Cl5] | −0.334(−0.368) | 0.087 | −0.114 | 0.211 | 0.123 | −0.095 | 0.256 | −0.198 |
[Cation][Anion] | Cation | Anion | Min. ∆fatom | Max. ∆fatom | Acidity/Basicity Distribution | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[(C2H5)3NH][AlCl4] | 0.930 | 0.081 | 0.063 | 0.918 | Cl | H | Normal |
[(C2H5)3NH][ZnCl3] | 0.917 | 0.052 | 0.948 | 0.065 | Cl | H | Normal |
[(C2H5)3NH][CuAlCl5] | 0.271 | 0.081 | 0.702 | 0.918 | Cu | Al | Bifunctional |
[(C2H5)3NCu][AlCl4] | 0.862 | 0.815 | 0.131 | 0.185 | Cu | Al | Bifunctional |
[(C2H5)3NH][AgAlCl5] | 0.075 | 0.068 | 0.879 | 0.932 | Ag | Cl | Bifunctional |
[C4mim][AlCl4] | 0.914 | 0.084 | 0.083 | 0.916 | Cl | C | Normal |
[C4mim][CuCl2] | 0.925 | 0.073 | 0.092 | 0.908 | Cu | C | Normal |
[C4mim][CuAlCl5] | 0.273 | 0.079 | 0.719 | 0.921 | Cu | Al | Bifunctional |
[C4mimAg][AlCl4] | 0.816 | 0.804 | 0.117 | 0.196 | Ag | H | Bifunctional |
[(C2H5)3NH][ZnAlCl6] | 0.678 | 0.057 | 0.313 | 0.943 | Zn | Al | Bifunctional 1 |
[Benzene][CuAlCl4] | 0.166 | 0.109 | 0.913 | 0.924 | Cl | Cu | Bifunctional |
[Ether][CuAlCl4] | 0.423 | 0.156 | 0.575 | 0.844 | Cu | Al | Bifunctional |
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Liu, Y.; Wang, J. Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function. Molecules 2018, 23, 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102516
Liu Y, Wang J. Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function. Molecules. 2018; 23(10):2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102516
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Ying, and Juanfang Wang. 2018. "Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function" Molecules 23, no. 10: 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102516