Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. HPLC-MS
3.3. Bioinformatics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Sulfur Compounds | White | Purple | White/Purple | Purple/White |
2-vinyl-2,4-dihydro-1,3-dithiin (2-Vdtii) | 0.0115 ± 0.0016 | 1.8250 ± 0.0011 *** | 0.0063 | 158.7012 |
Ajoene | 0.2148 ± 0.0089 | 2.9764 ± 0.0161 *** | 0.0722 | 13.8574 |
Allicin | 3.1560 ± 0.1577 | 7.1073 ± 0.3014 *** | 0.4440 | 2.2520 |
Alliin | 14.3933 ± 0.3834 *** | 6.8875 ± 0.1465 | 2.0898 | 0.4785 |
Allitridin | 0.4451 ± 0.0002 *** | 0.0040 ± 0.0005 | 111.7082 | 0.0090 |
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) | 0.0095 ± 0.0001 | 2.2228 ± 0.0002 *** | 0.0043 | 234.9036 |
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) | 0.0007 ± 0.0001 | 0.0005 ± 0.0001 | 1.3896 | 0.7196 |
Methyl allyl disulfide | 0.0002 ± 0.0001 | 0.0001 ± 0.0001 | 1.2389 | 0.8071 |
S-Allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) (S-1-Propenyl-l-cysteine) | 0.8031 ± 0.1176 *** | 0.3293 ± 0.1009 | 2.4388 | 0.4100 |
S-Methyl-l-cysteine (SMC) | 0.0630 ± 0.018 *** | 0.0073 ± 0.009 | 8.6301 | 0.1159 |
S-Methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) | 0.1006 ± 0.0146 | 0.1450 ± 0.0096 | 0.6941 | 1.4406 |
S-Methyl mercapto-l-cysteine | 0.0010 ± 0.0001 | 0.0019 ± 0.0001 * | 0.5412 | 1.8477 |
Total | 19.1960 ± 0.5887 | 21.5063 ± 0.4919 * | 0.8926 | 1.1204 |
Saponins | White | Purple | White/Purple | Purple/White |
Agapanthagenin | 0.0009 ± 0.0002 | 0.2938 ± 0.0212 *** | 0.0031 | 321.3416 |
β-chlorogenin | 0.1201 ± 0.0279 | 5.1217 ± 0.5347 *** | 0.0234 | 42.6560 |
Desgalactotigonin | 0.0015 ± 0.0003 | 0.1077 ± 0.0120 *** | 0.0144 | 69.4736 |
Desgalactotigonin-rhamnose | nd | 0.0018 ± 0.0001 | 0.0000 | - |
Diosgenin | 0.0174 ± 0.0039 | 0.8497 ± 0.0515 *** | 0.0204 | 48.9731 |
Eruboside B | 0.0604 ± 0.0103 | 0.9349 ± 0.1731 *** | 0.0646 | 15.4892 |
Eruboside B-rhamnose | 0.0249 ± 0.0036 | 0.7043 ± 0.1750 *** | 0.0353 | 28.2983 |
Gitogenin | 0.1199 ± 0.0279 | 5.1086 ± 0.5335 *** | 0.0235 | 42.6249 |
Proto-desgalactotigonin | 0.0001 ± 0.0001 | 0.0004 ± 0.0001 * | 0.1634 | 6.1215 |
Proto-desgalactotigonin-rhamnose | nd | 0.0003 ± 0.0001 | 0.0000 | - |
Proto-eruboside B | 0.0016 ± 0.0001 | 0.0475 ± 0.0115 *** | 0.0327 | 30.5637 |
Sativoside B1-rhamnose | nd | 0.0026 ± 0.0002 | 0.0000 | - |
Sativoside R1 | nd | 0.0014 ± 0.0004 | 0.0000 | - |
Sativoside R2 | 0.0199 ± 0.0022 | 0.8814 ± 0.2130 *** | 0.0226 | 44.2229 |
Sativoside R2-rhamnose | 0.0004 ± 0.0001 | 0.0337 ± 0.0079 *** | 0.0121 | 82.5336 |
Voghieroside D1 | 0.0001 ± 0.0001 | 0.0049 ± 0.0008 *** | 0.0118 | 84.6999 |
Voghieroside E1 | 0.0017 ± 0.0001 | 0.0082 ± 0.0022 ** | 0.2042 | 4.8961 |
Total | 0.3687 ± 0.0765 | 14.1029 ± 1.7371 *** | 0.0261 | 38.2539 |
SS | ES | IS | ||||
Sulfur Compounds | White/Purple | Purple/White | White/Purple | Purple/White | White/Purple | Purple/White |
2-vinyl-2,4-dihydro-1,3-dithiin (2-Vdtii) | 0.0016 | 638.6639 | 0.6930 | 1.4431 | 0.5953 | 1.6798 |
Ajoene | 0.0271 | 36.8755 | 0.7260 | 1.3774 | 0.8480 | 1.1793 |
Allicin | 0.1559 | 6.4160 | 0.5931 | 1.6861 | - | - |
Alliin | 22.5323 | 0.0444 | 1.2892 | 0.7757 | 1.1267 | 0.8875 |
Allitridin | - | - | 115.0373 | 0.0087 | 0.5913 | 1.6913 |
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) | 0.0013 | 758.0864 | 2.4338 | 0.4109 | 4.7702 | 0.2096 |
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) | - | - | 1.3896 | 0.7196 | - | - |
Methyl allyl disulfide (AMS) | - | - | 1.1860 | 0.8431 | - | - |
S-Allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) (S-1-Propenyl-l-cysteine) | 1.5925 | 0.6280 | 128.2727 | 0.0078 | - | - |
S-Methyl-l-cysteine (SMC) | 1.7681 | 0.5656 | 127.0000 | 0.0079 | - | - |
S-Methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) | 0.5857 | 1.7074 | 0.7755 | 1.2896 | 0.7361 | 1.3585 |
S-Methyl mercapto-l-cysteine (SMMC) | 0.2545 | 3.9290 | 1.2378 | 0.8079 | 0.3569 | 2.8016 |
Total | 0.6308 | 1.5852 | 1.0545 | 0.9483 | 1.6271 | 0.6146 |
SS | ES | IS | ||||
Saponins | White/Purple | Purple/White | White/Purple | Purple/White | White/Purple | Purple/White |
Agapanthagenin | - | - | 0.0031 | 320.2470 | - | - |
β-Chlorogenin | 0.6367 | 1.5705 | 0.0130 | 76.9899 | 1.0887 | 0.9185 |
Desgalactotigonin | 0.1966 | 5.0872 | 0.0101 | 98.5283 | - | - |
Desgalactotigonin-rhamnose | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Diosgenin | 0.7670 | 1.3037 | 0.0105 | 95.3023 | - | - |
Eruboside B | 1.3198 | 0.7577 | 0.0156 | 64.0878 | - | - |
Eruboside B-rhamnose | 0.1158 | 8.6331 | 0.0267 | 37.3852 | - | - |
Gitogenin | 0.6642 | 1.5056 | 0.0130 | 77.0948 | 1.0887 | 0.9185 |
Proto-desgalactotigonin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Proto-desgalactotigonin-rhamnose | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Proto-eruboside B | 0.1705 | 5.8666 | 0.0034 | 293.7059 | 2.0534 | 0.4870 |
Sativoside B1-rhamnose | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sativoside R1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sativoside R2 | 0.2160 | 4.6288 | 0.0157 | 63.5507 | 0.9527 | 1.0497 |
Sativoside R2-rhamnose | 0.0145 | 69.0498 | 0.0116 | 86.4215 | - | - |
Voghieroside D1 | 0.2191 | 4.5643 | - | - | - | - |
Voghieroside E1 | - | - | 0.0147 | 67.9012 | 5.1114 | 0.1956 |
Total | 0.5540 | 1.8051 | 0.0135 | 73.8849 | 1.4165 | 0.7059 |
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Diretto, G.; Rubio-Moraga, A.; Argandoña, J.; Castillo, P.; Gómez-Gómez, L.; Ahrazem, O. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules 2017, 22, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081359
Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandoña J, Castillo P, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules. 2017; 22(8):1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081359
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiretto, Gianfranco, Angela Rubio-Moraga, Javier Argandoña, Purificación Castillo, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez, and Oussama Ahrazem. 2017. "Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes" Molecules 22, no. 8: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081359