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Article

Ginsenoside Re Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Mouse Osteoblast Precursor MC3T3-E1 Cells and a Zebrafish Model

by
Hye-Min Kim
1,2,5,
Dong Hyun Kim
1,2,5,
Ho-Jin Han
1,2,5,
Chan-Mi Park
2,
Srinivas Rao Ganipisetti
1,2,
Mariadhas Valan Arasu
3,
Young Ock Kim
4,
Chun Geun Park
4,
Bo-Yeon Kim
1,2,5,* and
Nak-Kyun Soung
1,2,5,*
1
Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
2
World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
3
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
5
Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2017, 22(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010042
Submission received: 24 November 2016 / Revised: 21 December 2016 / Accepted: 26 December 2016 / Published: 29 December 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Ginseng Research)
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Abstract

Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance bone formation and bone resorption. Many anabolic drugs are used as bone-targeted therapeutic agents for the promotion of osteoblast-mediated bone formation or inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Previous studies showed that ginsenoside Re has the effect of the suppression of osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages and zebrafish. Herein, we investigated whether ginsenoside Re affects osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in in vitro and in vivo models. Mouse osteoblast precursor MC3T3-E1 cells were used to investigate cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization. In addition, we examined osteoblastic signaling pathways. Ginsenoside Re affected ALP activity without cytotoxicity, and we also observed the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation through the activation of osteoblast markers including runt-related transcription factor 2, type 1 collagen, ALP, and osteocalcin in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, Alizarin red S staining indicated that ginsenoside Re increased osteoblast mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish scales compared to controls. These results suggest that ginsenoside Re promotes osteoblast differentiation as well as inhibits osteoclast differentiation, and it could be a potential therapeutic agent for bone diseases.
Keywords: bone; osteoblast differentiation; Ginsenoside Re bone; osteoblast differentiation; Ginsenoside Re

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, H.-M.; Kim, D.H.; Han, H.-J.; Park, C.-M.; Ganipisetti, S.R.; Valan Arasu, M.; Kim, Y.O.; Park, C.G.; Kim, B.-Y.; Soung, N.-K. Ginsenoside Re Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Mouse Osteoblast Precursor MC3T3-E1 Cells and a Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2017, 22, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010042

AMA Style

Kim H-M, Kim DH, Han H-J, Park C-M, Ganipisetti SR, Valan Arasu M, Kim YO, Park CG, Kim B-Y, Soung N-K. Ginsenoside Re Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Mouse Osteoblast Precursor MC3T3-E1 Cells and a Zebrafish Model. Molecules. 2017; 22(1):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010042

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Hye-Min, Dong Hyun Kim, Ho-Jin Han, Chan-Mi Park, Srinivas Rao Ganipisetti, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Young Ock Kim, Chun Geun Park, Bo-Yeon Kim, and Nak-Kyun Soung. 2017. "Ginsenoside Re Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Mouse Osteoblast Precursor MC3T3-E1 Cells and a Zebrafish Model" Molecules 22, no. 1: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010042

APA Style

Kim, H.-M., Kim, D. H., Han, H.-J., Park, C.-M., Ganipisetti, S. R., Valan Arasu, M., Kim, Y. O., Park, C. G., Kim, B.-Y., & Soung, N.-K. (2017). Ginsenoside Re Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in Mouse Osteoblast Precursor MC3T3-E1 Cells and a Zebrafish Model. Molecules, 22(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010042

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