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Article

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity

by
Mohammed Rafi Shaik
1,
Zuhur Jameel Qandeel Ali
1,2,
Mujeeb Khan
1,
Mufsir Kuniyil
1,
Mohamed E. Assal
1,
Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
1,
Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
1,
Mohammed Rafiq H. Siddiqui
1,
Merajuddin Khan
1,* and
Syed Farooq Adil
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Chemistry, University College Debaa, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2017, 22(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010165
Submission received: 20 November 2016 / Revised: 10 January 2017 / Accepted: 12 January 2017 / Published: 19 January 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Green Chemistry)
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Abstract

The synthesis of Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by green methods has attracted remarkable attention in recent years because of its superiority above chemical approaches, owing to its low cost and ecological compatibility. In this present work, we describe a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OV) as a bioreductant. This plant is available in many parts of the world as well as in Saudi Arabia and is known to be a rich source of phenolic components, a feature we fruitfully utilized in the synthesis of Pd NPs, using various concentrations of plant extracts. Moreover, the OV extract phytomolecules are not only accountable for the reduction and progression of nanoparticles, but they also act as stabilizing agents, which was confirmed by several characterization methods. The as-synthesized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, FT-IR study has proven that the OV not merely represents a bioreductant but also functionalizes the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the green synthesized metallic Pd NPs were successfully applied as catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols.
Keywords: green synthesis; Origanum vulgare L. extract; palladium nanoparticles; catalytic activity green synthesis; Origanum vulgare L. extract; palladium nanoparticles; catalytic activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shaik, M.R.; Ali, Z.J.Q.; Khan, M.; Kuniyil, M.; Assal, M.E.; Alkhathlan, H.Z.; Al-Warthan, A.; Siddiqui, M.R.H.; Khan, M.; Adil, S.F. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity. Molecules 2017, 22, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010165

AMA Style

Shaik MR, Ali ZJQ, Khan M, Kuniyil M, Assal ME, Alkhathlan HZ, Al-Warthan A, Siddiqui MRH, Khan M, Adil SF. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity. Molecules. 2017; 22(1):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010165

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaik, Mohammed Rafi, Zuhur Jameel Qandeel Ali, Mujeeb Khan, Mufsir Kuniyil, Mohamed E. Assal, Hamad Z. Alkhathlan, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan, Mohammed Rafiq H. Siddiqui, Merajuddin Khan, and Syed Farooq Adil. 2017. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity" Molecules 22, no. 1: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010165

APA Style

Shaik, M. R., Ali, Z. J. Q., Khan, M., Kuniyil, M., Assal, M. E., Alkhathlan, H. Z., Al-Warthan, A., Siddiqui, M. R. H., Khan, M., & Adil, S. F. (2017). Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity. Molecules, 22(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010165

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