Molecules 2016, 21(8), 1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081099
Effect of Mono- and Poly-CH/P Exchange(s) on the Aromaticity of the Tropylium Ion
Department of Chemistry, The IIS University, Jaipur 302020, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: György Keglevich
Received: 27 June 2016 / Revised: 9 August 2016 / Accepted: 11 August 2016 / Published: 20 August 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Organophosphorus Chemistry)
Abstract
In view of the fact that the phosphorus atom in its low co-ordination state (coordination numbers 1 and 2) has been termed as the carbon copy, there have been attempts to investigate, theoretically as well as experimentally, the effect of the exchange(s) of CH- moiety with phosphorus atom(s) (CH/P) on the structural and other aspects of the classical carbocyclic and heterocyclic systems. Tropylium ion is a well-known non-benzenoid aromatic system and has been studied extensively for its aromatic character. We have now investigated the effect of mono- and poly-CH/P exchange(s) on the aromaticity of the tropylium ion. For this purpose, the parameters based on the geometry and magnetic properties, namely bond equalization, aromatic stabilization energies (ASE), Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) values, (NICS(0), NICS(1), NICS(1)zz), proton nucleus magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) chemical shifts, magnetic susceptibility exaltation and magnetic anisotropic values of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-phosphatropylium ions have been determined at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) level. Geometry optimization reveals bond length equalization. ASEs range from −46.3 kcal/mol to −6.2 kcal/mol in mono- and diphospha-analogues which are planar. However, the ions having three and four phosphorus atoms lose planarity and their ASE values approach the values typical for non-aromatic structures. Of the three NICS values, the NICS(1)zz is consistently negative showing aromatic character of all the systems studied. It is also supported by the magnetic susceptibility exaltations and magnetic anisotropic values. Furthermore, 1H-NMR chemical shifts also fall in the aromatic region. The conclusion that mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-phosphatropylium ions are aromatic in nature has been further corroborated by determining the energy gap between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) (HOMO − LUMO gap), which falls in the range, ca. 3 × 10−19–9 × 10−19 J. The systems having more than four phosphorus atoms are not able to sustain their monocyclic structure. View Full-TextKeywords:
phosphatropylium ions; aromaticity; NICS; magnetic susceptibility exaltation; HOMO − LUMO gap
▼
Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Puri, A.; Gupta, R. Effect of Mono- and Poly-CH/P Exchange(s) on the Aromaticity of the Tropylium Ion. Molecules 2016, 21, 1099.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Related Articles
Article Metrics
Comments
[Return to top]
Molecules
EISSN 1420-3049
Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
RSS
E-Mail Table of Contents Alert