Immobilization of Metal Hexacyanoferrate Ion-Exchangers for the Synthesis of Metal Ion Sorbents—A Mini-Review
Ecole des mines d’Alès, Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès, 6, avenue de Clavières, F-30319 ALES cedex, France
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Roman Dembinski
Molecules 2015, 20(11), 20582-20613; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119718
Received: 27 August 2015
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Revised: 27 October 2015
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Accepted: 6 November 2015
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Published: 19 November 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 20th Anniversary of Molecules—Recent Advances in Organic Chemistry)
Metal hexacyanoferrates are very efficient sorbents for the recovery of alkali and base metal ions (including radionuclides such as Cs). Generally produced by the direct reaction of metal salts with potassium hexacyanoferrate (the precursors), they are characterized by ion-exchange and structural properties that make then particularly selective for Cs(I), Rb(I) and Tl(I) recovery (based on their hydrated ionic radius consistent with the size of the ion-exchanger cage), though they can bind also base metals. The major drawback of these materials is associated to their nanometer or micrometer size that makes them difficult to recover in large-size continuous systems. For this reason many techniques have been designed for immobilizing these ion-exchangers in suitable matrices that can be organic (mainly polymers and biopolymers) or inorganic (mineral supports), carbon-based matrices. This immobilization may proceed by in situ synthesis or by entrapment/encapsulation. This mini-review reports some examples of hybrid materials synthesized for the immobilization of metal hexacyanoferrate, the different conditionings of these composite materials and, briefly, the parameters to take into account for their optimal design and facilitated use.
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Keywords:
metal hexacyanoferrate; ion-exchanger; composite materials; in situ synthesis; encapsulation; polymers; biopolymers; porous mineral supports
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MDPI and ACS Style
Vincent, T.; Vincent, C.; Guibal, E. Immobilization of Metal Hexacyanoferrate Ion-Exchangers for the Synthesis of Metal Ion Sorbents—A Mini-Review. Molecules 2015, 20, 20582-20613. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119718
AMA Style
Vincent T, Vincent C, Guibal E. Immobilization of Metal Hexacyanoferrate Ion-Exchangers for the Synthesis of Metal Ion Sorbents—A Mini-Review. Molecules. 2015; 20(11):20582-20613. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119718
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincent, Thierry, Chloë Vincent, and Eric Guibal. 2015. "Immobilization of Metal Hexacyanoferrate Ion-Exchangers for the Synthesis of Metal Ion Sorbents—A Mini-Review" Molecules 20, no. 11: 20582-20613. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119718
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