Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Dyeing
Dye No | Color on polyester (2% shade) | L* | a* | b* | C* | h* | K/S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6a | Brown | 40.81 | 22.38 | 25.06 | 33.60 | 48.24 | 19.99 |
6b | Orange | 62.30 | 47.93 | 45.13 | 65.83 | 43.28 | 8.11 |
6c | Dark orange | 48.52 | 49.53 | 45.28 | 67.10 | 42.43 | 23.6 |
6d | Orange | 60.77 | 49.43 | 34.74 | 60.42 | 35.10 | 6.66 |
6e | Violet | 43.82 | 36.23 | −14.73 | 39.11 | 337.87 | 6.89 |
Dye No | Color on polyester (2% shade) | L* | a* | b* | C* | h* | K/S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6a | Dark brown | 22.07 | 12.72 | 16.19 | 20.59 | 51.84 | 33.24 |
6b | Dark orange | 57.43 | 49.23 | 51.97 | 71.58 | 46.55 | 15.31 |
6c | Brownish orange | 28.82 | 26.7 | 23.72 | 35.71 | 41.61 | 39.47 |
6d | Dark orange | 52.16 | 56.13 | 43.27 | 70.88 | 37.63 | 18.77 |
6e | Violet | 44.99 | 34.85 | −16.78 | 38.68 | 334.28 | 7.03 |
Dye No | Wash fastness | Perspiration fastness | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaline | Acidic | ||||||||
Alt | SC | SW | Alt | SC | SW | Alt | SC | SW | |
6a | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6b | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6c | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6d | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6e | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Dye No | Wash fastness | Perspiration fastness | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaline | Acidic | ||||||||
Alt | SC | SW | Alt | SC | SW | Alt | SC | SW | |
6a | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6b | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6c | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6d | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
6e | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
2.3. Absorption Spectral Characteristics
Dye No | X | Absorption λmax (nm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Methanol | Chloroform | DMF | ||
6a | p-H | 345 | 353 | 349 |
6b | p-CH3 | 481 | 482 | 493 |
6c | p-OCH3 | 486 | 489 | 499 |
6d | p-Cl | 487 | 487 | 513 |
6e | p-NO2 | 525 | 523 | 660 |
2.4. Antimicrobial Activities
Dye No. | Inhibition zone diameter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
G+ve bacteria | G-ve bacteria | Yeast | Fungus | |
B. subtilis | E. coli | S. cerevisiae | A. niger | |
6a | - | 4 | 6 | - |
6b | - | - | 2 | - |
6c | 1 | 2 | 2.5 | - |
6d | - | - | 0.5 | - |
6e | 2 | 2.5 | 4.5 | - |
Flumox * | 4 | 5 | 4 |
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. 17-Amino-11-oxa-16-thia-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-one (3)
3.3. Reaction of Compounds 3 with Aromatic Diazonium Salts
3.4. High Temperature (HT) Dyeing Method
3.4.1. Materials
3.4.2. Dyeing
3.4.2.1. Conventional Dyeing
3.4.2.2. Microwave Dyeing
3.5. Color Measurements and Analyses
3.5.1. Color Measurements
3.5.2. Fastness Testing
3.5.2.1. Fastness to Washing
3.5.2.2. Fastness to Perspiration
3.6. Antimicrobial ActivitiesTest
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al-Mousawi, S.M.; El-Apasery, M.A.; Elnagdi, M.H. Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes. Molecules 2013, 18, 11033-11043. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911033
Al-Mousawi SM, El-Apasery MA, Elnagdi MH. Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes. Molecules. 2013; 18(9):11033-11043. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911033
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Mousawi, Saleh Mohammed, Morsy Ahmed El-Apasery, and Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi. 2013. "Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes" Molecules 18, no. 9: 11033-11043. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911033
APA StyleAl-Mousawi, S. M., El-Apasery, M. A., & Elnagdi, M. H. (2013). Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes. Molecules, 18(9), 11033-11043. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911033