Effects of Polysaccharides from Different Species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on Macrophage Function
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium
Polysaccharides | Yield (%, g/g) | Total Carbohydrates (%, g/g) | Molecular Weight | Compositional Monosaccharides | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak 1 | Peak 2 | Monosaccharide | Molar ratio | |||
DOYN | 9.6 | 70.8 | 1.5 × 106 | 7.1 × 104 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:206:5 |
DOAH | 5.8 | 84.2 | 1.2 × 105 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:44:02 | |
DOZJ | 13.4 | 82.2 | 4.9 × 104 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:38:01 | |
DFYN | 6 | 78 | 3.2 × 106 | 9.2 × 104 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:523:2 |
DHAH | 7.4 | 93 | 2.2 × 105 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:53:02 | |
DNYN | 9.6 | 90 | 5.3 × 105 | Man: Glu: Gal | 100:133:2 | |
DCYN | 3.6 | 92.4 | 3.3 × 106 | 1.1 × 105 | Man: Glu | 100:614 |
2.2. Effects of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium on Macrophage Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production
Samples | Concentrations (μg/mL) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.3 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
Control | 0.8 ± 0.4 | ||||||
LPS | 100.2 ± 1 ** | ||||||
DOYN | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 2 | 30.2 ± 7.7 * | 68.8 ± 10.8 * | 102.3 ± 8.9 ** | ||
DOAH | 0.7 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 13.4 ± 3.1 * | 34.9 ± 6.3 * | 69.3 ± 9.4 ** | ||
DOZJ | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 1 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 11.5 ± 2.9 * | 36.9 ± 8.9 ** | ||
DFYN | ND | ND | ND | 6.7 ± 1.8 * | 31.2 ± 2.2 ** | ||
DHAH | ND | ND | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 2 | ||
DNYN | ND | ND | ND | 1.9 ± 1 | 13.5 ± 0.5 ** | ||
DCYN | ND | ND | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 2.1 * |
2.3. Effects of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium on Phagocytosis
Samples | Concentrations (μg/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.3 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
Control | 100 | ||||
LPS | 269.7 ± 11 ** | ||||
DOYN | 204.5 ± 35 * | 233.7 ± 32.9 * | 249.4 ± 30 * | ||
DOAH | 204.5 ± 21.5 * | 207.9 ± 21.2 * | 222.1 ± 26.4 * | ||
DOZJ | 196.3 ± 22.4 * | 216.1 ± 19.7 * | 213.9 ± 18.9 * | ||
DFYN | 165.6 ± 18.5 * | 174.8 ± 20.9 * | 192.9 ± 27.2 * | ||
DHAH | 170 ± 9.9 * | 203 ± 6.7 ** | 208.6 ± 14.5 * | ||
DNYN | 181.6 ± 16.4 * | 204.9 ± 12.2 * | 214.6 ± 17.2 * | ||
DCYN | 159.9 ± 8 ** | 168.5 ± 18.9 * | 210.1 ± 26.7 * |
2.4. Effects of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium on Cytokines Release of Macrophages
Samples | Concentration (µg/mL) | Levels of cytokines (pg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1α | IL-6 | IL-10 | TNF-α | ||
Control | 0 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 6 ± 1 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 4667 ± 1069.9 |
LPS | 0.3 | 232 ± 31.5 ** | 12248.1 ± 168.6 ** | 1038.2 ± 41.5 ** | 19372 ± 1021.3 ** |
DOYN | 100 | 55.5 ± 7.7 * | 3484.7 ± 857.6 * | 594.2 ± 18.3 ** | 9292.1 ± 189.2 * |
300 | 108.2 ± 16.8 ** | 5712.8 ± 920.7 ** | 858.7 ± 38.6 ** | 17711 ± 571.4 ** | |
1000 | 247.7 ± 19.7 ** | 11869.9 ± 2828.8 * | 1328 ± 92.2 ** | 23323.3 ± 103 ** | |
DOAH | 100 | 32.1 ± 6.3 * | 481.3 ± 27.6 ** | 168.2 ± 17 ** | 13694 ± 393.9 ** |
300 | 132.8 ± 21.9 ** | 533.7 ± 99.1 ** | 457.3 ± 89.2 ** | 15940.8 ± 1081.5 ** | |
1000 | 167.9 ± 32.7 * | 3291 ± 428.9 ** | 650.7 ± 77.9 ** | 16972.8 ± 871.5 ** | |
DOZJ | 100 | ND | 24.6 ± 7.8 * | 98.6 ± 13.1 ** | 14104.1 ± 522.8 ** |
300 | 19 ± 7.8 | 58.4 ± 10.6 * | 117.9 ± 22.8 ** | 16377.8 ± 483.2 ** | |
1000 | 132.7 ± 32.3 * | 1847.8 ± 91.6 ** | 588.5 ± 92 ** | 19078.2 ± 120.5 ** | |
DFYN | 100 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | ND | ND | 3671.6 ± 536.6 |
300 | 4.6 ± 3.6 | ND | 8.8 ± 3.9 | 5900.6 ± 100.1 | |
1000 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 52.1 ± 6.8 ** | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 9911.4 ± 356.1 * | |
DHAH | 100 | 5.4 ± 1.9 | ND | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 12538.1 ± 831.4 ** |
300 | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 13.1 ± 4.3 | 10.3 ± 3.9 * | 14010.2 ± 54.4 ** | |
1000 | 18.6 ± 4.5 | 112.6 ± 16.1 ** | 16.1 ± 3.9 * | 14963 ± 998.3 ** | |
DNYN | 100 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | ND | 13902.8 ± 643.8 ** |
300 | 32 ± 3 ** | 8 ± 5 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 15741.3 ± 481.8 ** | |
1000 | 38.4 ± 5.1 * | 17.1 ± 4.8 * | 10.5 ± 1.1 ** | 16379.9 ± 465.3 ** | |
DCYN | 100 | 15.9 ± 1.2 | ND | ND | 4099.4 ± 284.5 |
300 | 26.1 ± 2.7 * | ND | ND | 7876.7 ± 88.1 * | |
1000 | 41.7 ± 4.5 ** | 8 ± 5 | ND | 15354.3 ± 114.4 ** |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental
4.1. Materials
4.2. Preparation of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium
4.3. Polysaccharide Molecular Weight Determination
4.4. Compositional Monosaccharide Analysis of Polysaccharides
4.5. Cell Culture
4.6. Cell Proliferation Assay
4.7. Phagocytic Activity Test
4.8. Nitric Oxide Determination
4.9. Quantitative Analysis of Cytokines
4.10. Determination of Endotoxin Contamination
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Meng, L.-Z.; Lv, G.-P.; Hu, D.-J.; Cheong, K.-L.; Xie, J.; Zhao, J.; Li, S.-P. Effects of Polysaccharides from Different Species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on Macrophage Function. Molecules 2013, 18, 5779-5791. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18055779
Meng L-Z, Lv G-P, Hu D-J, Cheong K-L, Xie J, Zhao J, Li S-P. Effects of Polysaccharides from Different Species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on Macrophage Function. Molecules. 2013; 18(5):5779-5791. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18055779
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Lan-Zhen, Guang-Ping Lv, De-Jun Hu, Kit-Leong Cheong, Jing Xie, Jing Zhao, and Shao-Ping Li. 2013. "Effects of Polysaccharides from Different Species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on Macrophage Function" Molecules 18, no. 5: 5779-5791. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18055779