Profiling and Characterization of Volatile Components from Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemical Group Separation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Qualitative Analyses of Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Volatile Oils
2.2. Chemical Group Separation of Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Volatile Oils
2.3. Identification of Main Volatile Components in FLJ by GC×GC-TOF/MS
3. Experimental
3.1. Samples and Sample Preparation
3.2. GC×GC-TOF/MS Apparatus
3.3. Data Processing
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae are available from the authors. |
Group | Name | R.T. (s) | QuantMasses | Similarity | Non-Fumigated Sample (%) | Sulfur-Fumigated Sample | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lab-Prepared (%) | Industrial (%) | ||||||
Furans | Furan, 2-ethyl- | 312, 1.200 | 81 | 876 | 100 | 45.41 | 45.60 |
Furan, 2-pentyl- | 498, 1.330 | 81 | 891 | 100 | 71.64 | 41.25 | |
Alkalies | Pyridine | 342, 1.400 | 52 | 955 | 100 | ND | ND |
Pyridine, 3-ethyl- | 480, 1.480 | 92 | 943 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Pyridine, 3-ethenyl- | 486, 1.510 | 104 | 898 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Isoquinoline | 684, 2.090 | 129 | 935 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Acids | n-Decanoic acid | 732, 1.680 | 60 | 920 | 100 | 29.81 | ND |
Dodecanoic acid | 888, 2.120 | 60 | 925 | 100 | ND | 4.03 | |
Tetradecanoic acid | 1110, 2.560 | 60 | 909 | 100 | 0.09 | 0.32 | |
Pentadecanoic acid | 1260, 2.650 | 60 | 883 | 100 | ND | ND | |
(Z)-11-Hexadecenoic acid | 1380, 3.020 | 55 | 919 | 100 | 52.46 | 0.80 | |
n-Hexadecanoic acid | 1404, 3.070 | 87 | 935 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Heptadecanoic acid | 1554, 2.930 | 73 | 845 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Linoleic acid | 1656, 3.540 | 81 | 952 | 100 | ND | 0.32 | |
trans-13-Octadecenoic acid | 1668, 3.270 | 98 | 860 | 100 | ND | 5.10 | |
Linolenic acid | 1668, 3.690 | 79 | 923 | 100 | 13.61 | 24.16 | |
Aldehydes | Hexanal | 366, 1.280 | 56 | 901 | 100 | 75.46 | 26.89 |
Furfural | 396, 1.480 | 96 | 969 | 100 | ND | 87.18 | |
(E)-2-Hexenal | 402, 1.370 | 55 | 955 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Heptanal | 438, 1.320 | 70 | 916 | 100 | 39.42 | 46.60 | |
2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- | 480, 1.540 | 110 | 933 | 100 | 113.20 | 247.31 | |
Benzaldehyde | 486, 1.540 | 106 | 971 | 100 | 5.63 | 1.78 | |
Lilac aldehyde C | 600, 1.490 | 55 | 931 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Benzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl- | 648, 1.770 | 133 | 932 | 100 | 128.03 | 109.54 | |
Benzaldehyde, 2,4,5-trimethyl- | 750, 2.220 | 147 | 891 | 100 | 57.75 | ND | |
Hexadecanal | 1062, 2.340 | 82 | 946 | 100 | 136.70 | 83.14 | |
Farnesal | 1098, 2.920 | 84 | 947 | 100 | 11.34 | 3.89 | |
Ketones | 2-Heptanone | 426, 1.330 | 58 | 882 | 100 | 30.03 | 65.47 |
1,3-Isobenzofurandione | 714, 2.390 | 76 | 965 | 100 | 4.06 | ND | |
Piperitenone | 732, 2.140 | 150 | 907 | 100 | ND | 8.42 | |
cis-Jasmone | 768, 2.210 | 79 | 931 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Geranylacetone | 798, 2.000 | 69 | 950 | 100 | 59.93 | 7.69 | |
β-Ionone | 834, 2.300 | 177 | 897 | 100 | 51.73 | 9.90 | |
2,3-Dehydro-α-ionone | 834, 2.360 | 175 | 881 | 100 | 29.24 | 19.16 | |
1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-butylidene- | 1038, 3.600 | 159 | 953 | 100 | 92.08 | 4.73 | |
2-Pentadecanone | 1044, 2.320 | 58 | 943 | 100 | 89.67 | 27.81 | |
Muskolactone | 1380, 3.680 | 83 | 913 | 100 | 103.80 | 127.84 | |
Alcohols | Linaool | 564, 1.360 | 71 | 954 | 100 | 12.21 | 22.83 |
Ho-trienol | 570, 1.380 | 82 | 931 | 100 | ND | 38.17 | |
p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol | 618, 1.520 | 59 | 890 | 100 | ND | 9.39 | |
4-terpineol | 624, 1.510 | 71 | 927 | 100 | 19.66 | 48.30 | |
Geraniol | 660, 1.590 | 69 | 959 | 100 | ND | 12.07 | |
3-Allylguaiacol | 738, 2.080 | 164 | 951 | 100 | 14.37 | 17.29 | |
α-ionol | 750, 1.830 | 95 | 868 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Nerolidol | 900, 2.170 | 69 | 939 | 100 | 62.60 | 29.50 | |
Ledol | 1038, 3.000 | 71 | 840 | 100 | 3.11 | ND | |
α-Bisabolol | 1044, 2.680 | 69 | 929 | 100 | 20.02 | 8.65 | |
trans-Farnesol | 1068, 2.770 | 69 | 942 | 100 | 42.09 | 35.50 | |
Isophytol | 1374, 2.490 | 71 | 935 | 100 | 594.57 | 910.91 | |
Terpenes | α-Myrcene | 492, 1.300 | 93 | 925 | 100 | 11.66 | ND |
trans-Caryophyllene | 798, 1.900 | 133 | 953 | 100 | ND | ND | |
β-Farnesene | 804, 1.810 | 69 | 947 | 100 | 2.14 | 0.50 | |
Curcumene | 834, 2.080 | 132 | 946 | 100 | 11.79 | 0.33 | |
Cedrene | 1158, 3.100 | 119 | 881 | 100 | 37.02 | 30.67 | |
Esters | Endobornyl acetate | 690, 1.680 | 95 | 957 | 100 | ND | ND |
Hexyl tiglate | 708, 1.660 | 101 | 925 | 100 | 35.61 | ND | |
Benzyl tiglate | 846, 2.600 | 83 | 950 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester | 1068, 2.330 | 74 | 930 | 100 | 100.46 | 246.35 | |
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate | 1188, 3.000 | 120 | 847 | 100 | 81.39 | 13.35 | |
Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester | 1200, 2.490 | 74 | 884 | 100 | 140.60 | 382.27 | |
Diisobutyl phthalate | 1254, 3.940 | 149 | 942 | 100 | 47.86 | 17.20 | |
Hexadecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester | 1266, 2.890 | 103 | 920 | 100 | 47.04 | 16.10 | |
Benzoic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester | 1266, 4.540 | 104 | 955 | 100 | 79.55 | 14.85 | |
(Z)-7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester | 1326, 2.800 | 74 | 865 | 100 | 111.59 | 188.94 | |
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester | 1338, 2.660 | 74 | 937 | 100 | 152.72 | 341.14 | |
Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | 1440, 2.690 | 88 | 902 | 100 | 265.86 | 331.69 | |
Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester | 1596, 3.190 | 81 | 935 | 100 | 104.25 | 362.59 | |
Hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-, methyl ester | 1644, 2.860 | 74 | 908 | 100 | 135.10 | 436.97 | |
Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester | 1956, 2.990 | 74 | 870 | 100 | 139.39 | 320.32 | |
Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester | 2256, 3.320 | 74 | 919 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Others | (−)-Caryophyllene oxide | 954, 2.610 | 107 | 869 | 100 | 2.44 | 0.45 |
Butylated hydroxytoluene | 852, 2.260 | 205 | 861 | 100 | 33.22 | 19.69 | |
Acetamide, N,N-dimethyl- | 414, 1.530 | 87 | 962 | 100 | 167.00 | 225.95 |
© 2013 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Cai, H.; Cao, G.; Li, L.; Liu, X.; Ma, X.-Q.; Tu, S.-C.; Lou, Y.-J.; Qin, K.-M.; Li, S.-L.; Cai, B.-C. Profiling and Characterization of Volatile Components from Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemical Group Separation. Molecules 2013, 18, 1368-1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18021368
Cai H, Cao G, Li L, Liu X, Ma X-Q, Tu S-C, Lou Y-J, Qin K-M, Li S-L, Cai B-C. Profiling and Characterization of Volatile Components from Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemical Group Separation. Molecules. 2013; 18(2):1368-1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18021368
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Hao, Gang Cao, Li Li, Xiao Liu, Xiao-Qing Ma, Si-Cong Tu, Ya-Jing Lou, Kun-Ming Qin, Song-Lin Li, and Bao-Chang Cai. 2013. "Profiling and Characterization of Volatile Components from Non-Fumigated and Sulfur-Fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemical Group Separation" Molecules 18, no. 2: 1368-1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18021368