Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity and the Chemical Components of the Volatile Oil of the Leaves of Rubus parvifolius L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Uniform Distribution Experimental Design of Extraction
No. | Soak time X1 (h) | Grinding degree X2 (mesh) | Distillation time X3 (h) | Ratio of solvent to leaves X4 ( v/w) | Weight of volatile oil (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | < 20 | 5 | 20 | 0.15 |
2 | 2 | 20–40 | 9 | 16 | 0.85 |
3 | 4 | > 40 | 4 | 12 | 0.29 |
4 | 6 | < 20 | 8 | 8 | 0.16 |
5 | 8 | 20–40 | 3 | 22 | 0.21 |
6 | 10 | > 40 | 7 | 18 | 0.65 |
7 | 12 | < 20 | 2 | 14 | 0.39 |
8 | 14 | 20–40 | 6 | 10 | 0.28 |
9 | 16 | > 40 | 10 | 24 | 0.85 |
2.2. Antibacterial Activity of Rp Volatile Oil
Bacterial species | Source | MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
Gram-positive bacteria | |||
Staphylococcus aureus | CIS a | 5 | > 5 |
Staphylococcus aureus | ATCC b29213 | 5 | 10 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | CIS | 10 | 10 |
Enterococcus faecalis | CIS | 10 | 10 |
Gram-negative bacteria | |||
Escherichia coli | CIS | 5 | 5 |
Escherichia coli | ATCC 25922 | 5 | 5 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | CIS | > 2.5 | 5 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ATCC 27853 | 2.5 | 5 |
Acinetobacter baumanii | CIS | > 2.5 | 5 |
Bacillus cloacae | CIS | 5 | 10 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | CIS | 5 | > 10 |
2.3. Components of the Rp Volatile Oil
No | RT (min) | Compound ID | Structural Formula | Formula | Content% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.209 | 2-Acetylfuran | C6H6O2 | 0.28 | |
2 | 3.484 | Butyl formate | C5H10O2 | 0.46 | |
3 | 3.939 | 5-Methyl furfural | C6H6O2 | 0.55 | |
4 | 4.069 | Hexanoic acid | C6H12O2 | 2.03 | |
5 | 4.319 | trans-3-Hexenoic acid | C6H10O2 | 0.32 | |
6 | 5.255 | Benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 0.45 | |
7 | 5.510 | Phenyl acetaldehyde | C8H8O | 0.77 | |
8 | 6.207 | cis-α,α,5-Trimethyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-methanol | C10H18O2 | 0.88 | |
9 | 6.610 | α-Methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl]oxiranemethanol | C10H18O2 | 0.78 | |
10 | 6.840 | Linalool | C10H18O | 1.39 | |
11 | 9.426 | Naphthalene | C10H8 | 0.37 | |
12 | 10.511 | 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran | C8H8O | 1.21 | |
13 | 10.601 | α,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde | C10H16O | 0.41 | |
14 | 11.865 | Nerol | C10H18O | 0.42 | |
15 | 12.806 | Phenylephrine | C9H13NO2 | 0.69 | |
16 | 13.238 | 2-Methylnaphthalene | C11H10 | 0.81 | |
17 | 14.114 | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene | C9H10O2 | 66.05 | |
18 | 15.512 | 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene | C13H16 | 0.57 | |
19 | 16.037 | Methyl 4-formylbenzoate | C9H8O3 | 0.77 | |
20 | 17.335 | 4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid | C11H14O2 | 2.22 | |
21 | 17.922 | Dimethylnaphthalene | C12H12 | 0.37 | |
22 | 18.617 | α,2,6-Trimethyl-benzeneethanamine | C11H17N | 0.65 | |
23 | 19.230 | 2-Methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)phenol | C10H12O2 | 0.64 | |
24 | 20.689 | Irisone | C13H20O | 1.17 | |
25 | 22.310 | Dihydroactinidiolide | C11H16O2 | 0.52 | |
26 | 24.243 | 2-(1,3-Butadienyl)mesitylene | C13H16 | 0.52 | |
27 | 33.559 | Hexahydrofarnesylacetone | C18H36O | 0.8 | |
28 | 39.458 | Kaur-16-ene | C20H32 | 1.36 | |
29 | 41.976 | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol | C20H40O | 9.79 |
Compound types | Content% | Amount |
---|---|---|
Alcohol-phenol | 81.09 | 9 |
Carboxylic acid | 4.57 | 3 |
Ester | 1.52 | 3 |
Ketone | 2.25 | 3 |
Aldehyde | 1.73 | 3 |
Other | 5.86 | 8 |
3. Experimental
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. Other Reagents
3.3. Volatile Rp Oil Extraction
3.4. Bacterial Strains
3.5. Antibacterial Tests
3.6. Analysis of Components
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Cai, Y.; Hu, X.; Huang, M.; Sun, F.; Yang, B.; He, J.; Wang, X.; Xia, P.; Chen, J. Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity and the Chemical Components of the Volatile Oil of the Leaves of Rubus parvifolius L. Molecules 2012, 17, 7758-7768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17077758
Cai Y, Hu X, Huang M, Sun F, Yang B, He J, Wang X, Xia P, Chen J. Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity and the Chemical Components of the Volatile Oil of the Leaves of Rubus parvifolius L. Molecules. 2012; 17(7):7758-7768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17077758
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Yongqing, Xiaogang Hu, Mingchun Huang, Fengjun Sun, Bo Yang, Juying He, Xianfeng Wang, Peiyuan Xia, and Jianhong Chen. 2012. "Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity and the Chemical Components of the Volatile Oil of the Leaves of Rubus parvifolius L." Molecules 17, no. 7: 7758-7768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17077758