Volatile Organic Compounds from Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Croatia) and the Antimicrobial Potential of Its Essential Oil
by
Igor Jerković 1,*
, Dajana Gašo-Sokač 2,3, Hrvoje Pavlović 2, Zvonimir Marijanović 4, Mirko Gugić 4, Ivana Petrović 2 and Spomenka Kovač 2,3
, Dajana Gašo-Sokač 2,3, Hrvoje Pavlović 2, Zvonimir Marijanović 4, Mirko Gugić 4, Ivana Petrović 2 and Spomenka Kovač 2,3
1
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Technology, University of Split, N. Tesle 10/V, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
2
Faculty of Food Technology, University J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Kuhačeva 20, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
3
Department of Chemistry, University J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Kuhačeva 20, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
4
Department of Food Technology, Polytechnic “Marko Marulić” in Knin, P. Krešimira IV 30, HR-22300 Knin, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2012, 17(2), 2058-2072; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17022058
Received: 18 January 2012 / Revised: 9 February 2012 / Accepted: 13 February 2012 / Published: 20 February 2012
GC and MS were used for the analysis of Croatian Centaurium erythraea Rafn essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and headspace (applying headspace solid-phase microextraction). The headspace contained numerous monoterpene hydrocarbons (the major ones were terpinene-4-ol, methone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and limonene). Oxygenated monoterpenes were present in the headspace and oil, while 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate and verbenone were present only in the headspace. High headspace percentages of toluene and naphthalene were found, followed by hemimellitene. Lot of similarities were observed with Serbian C. erythraea oil [neophytadiene (1.4%), thymol (2.6%), carvacrol (6.1%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.7%)], but different features were also noted such as the presence of menthol, menthone and phytone. The oil fractionation enabled identification of other minor compounds not found in total oil such as norisoprenoides, alk-1-enes or chromolaenin. The essential oil showed antimicrobial potential on Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. On the other hand, no antibacterial activity of the oil was observed on Pseudomonas fluorescens and Lysteria monocytogenes.
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Keywords:
Centaurium erythraea Rafn; headspace; essential oil; microcolumn fractionation; gas chromatography and mass spectrometry; disk diffusion method
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jerković, I.; Gašo-Sokač, D.; Pavlović, H.; Marijanović, Z.; Gugić, M.; Petrović, I.; Kovač, S. Volatile Organic Compounds from Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Croatia) and the Antimicrobial Potential of Its Essential Oil. Molecules 2012, 17, 2058-2072.
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