Gamma Irradiation Increases the Antioxidant Properties of Tualang Honey Stored Under Different Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Polyphenol Content
Sample no. | Gamma irradiated condition | Glass container | Temperature * | Sample code |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Non-evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Cold room | A |
2 | Non-evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Room temperature | B |
3 | Non-evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Room temperature | C |
4 | Non-evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Cold room | D |
5 | Evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Cold room | E |
6 | Evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Cold room | F |
7 | Evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Room temperature | G |
8 | Evaporated and non-gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Room temperature | H |
9 | Evaporated and gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Room temperature | I |
10 | Evaporated and gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Room temperature | J |
11 | Evaporated and gamma irradiated | Dark bottle | Cold room | K |
12 | Evaporated and gamma irradiated | Clear bottle | Cold room | L |
13 | Sachet (evaporated and gamma irradiated) | Sachet | Room temperature | M |
14 | Sachet (evaporated and gamma irradiated) | Sachet | Cold room | N |
2.2. Flavonoid Content
2.3. DPPH Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Gamma Irradiated Honeys
Polyphenols | Flavonoids | DPPH | |
---|---|---|---|
Polyphenols | 1 | 0.98(**) | 0.98(**) |
Flavonoids | 0.98(**) | 1 | 0.98(**) |
DPPH | 0.98(**) | 0.98(**) | 1 |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental
4.1. Samples
4.2. Chemicals and Reagents
4.3. Determination of Total Polyphenols
4.4. Determination of Total Flavonoids
4.5. DPPH Free Radical-Scavenging Activity
4.6. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Khalil, M.I.; Sulaiman, S.A.; Alam, N.; Moniruzzaman, M.; Bai’e, S.; Man, C.N.; Jamalullail, S.M.S.; Gan, S.H. Gamma Irradiation Increases the Antioxidant Properties of Tualang Honey Stored Under Different Conditions. Molecules 2012, 17, 674-687. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010674
Khalil MI, Sulaiman SA, Alam N, Moniruzzaman M, Bai’e S, Man CN, Jamalullail SMS, Gan SH. Gamma Irradiation Increases the Antioxidant Properties of Tualang Honey Stored Under Different Conditions. Molecules. 2012; 17(1):674-687. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010674
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalil, Md. Ibrahim, Siti Amrah Sulaiman, Nadia Alam, Mohammed Moniruzzaman, Saringat Bai’e, Che Nin Man, Syed Mohsin Sahil Jamalullail, and Siew Hua Gan. 2012. "Gamma Irradiation Increases the Antioxidant Properties of Tualang Honey Stored Under Different Conditions" Molecules 17, no. 1: 674-687. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010674