Composition and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Fruits and the Leaves of Pistacia vera from Greece
Abstract
:Introduction
Results and Discussion
Experimental
Plant material
Oil distillation
Analysis
Compounds | RI | % Fruit | % Leaves | Methodsa |
---|---|---|---|---|
2E-hexenal | 855 | 0.1 | - | RI, MS |
1-hexanol | 871 | 0.1 | - | RI, MS |
tricyclene | 925 | 0.1 | 1.1 | RI, MS |
α-pinene | 941 | 54.6 | 30.0 | RI, MS,Co |
camphene | 953 | 0.8 | 4.7 | RI, MS, Co |
β-pinene | 979 | 1.6 | 2.0 | RI, MS, Co |
β-myrcene | 993 | 1.0 | 0.8 | RI, MS, Co |
2-pentyl furan | 1002 | - | 0.9 | RI, MS |
α-phellandrene | 1005 | 0.3 | - | RI, MS |
3-carene | 1011 | 2.7 | 2.4 | RI, MS |
α-terpinene | 1018 | 1.0 | 0.4 | RI, MS, Co |
limonene | 1032 | 2.5 | 3.0 | RI, MS, Co |
(Z)-β-ocimene | 1040 | 0.1 | Tr | RI, MS |
(E)-β-ocimene | 1053 | 0.1 | - | RI, MS |
γ-terpinene | 1062 | 0.2 | 0.4 | RI, MS, Co |
terpinolene | 1092 | 31.2 | 17.6 | RI, MS, Co |
linalool | 1100 | 0.2 | 1.8 | RI, MS |
nonanal | 1105 | - | 1.8 | RI, MS, Co |
1,3,8-p-menthatriene | 1111 | - | Tr | RI, MS |
endo-fenchol | 1115 | 0.1 | RI, MS | |
α-campholenal | 1127 | - | Tr | RI, MS |
trans-pinocarveol | 1140 | - | Tr | RI, MS |
camphor | 1145 | - | Tr | RI, MS |
borneol | 1168 | 0.8 | 0.3 | RI, MS |
p-cymen-8-ol | 1183 | 0.1 | - | RI, MS |
α-terpineol | 1193 | 0.2 | 0.7 | RI, MS, Co |
bornyl acetate | 1287 | 0.5 | 11.3 | RI, MS |
isoledene | 1372 | - | 0.1 | RI, MS |
α-gurjenene | 1406 | - | 0.1 | RI, MS |
aromadendrene | 1439 | - | 1.1 | RI, MS |
alloaromadendrene | 1460 | - | 0.5 | RI, MS |
β-ionone | 1487 | - | 0.3 | RI, MS |
ledene | 1494 | - | 1.5 | RI, MS |
α-farnesene | 1509 | - | 0.2 | RI, MS |
(E)-nerolidol | 1566 | - | 0.4 | RI, MS |
spathulenol | 1578 | - | 1.1 | RI, MS |
globulol | 1584 | - | 1.0 | RI, MS |
viridiflorol | 1592 | - | 0.3 | RI, MS |
(E,E)-farnesol | 1726 | - | 1.7 | RI, MS |
Total | 98.3% | 87.5% |
Acknowledgments
References
- Kucukoner, E.; Yurt, B. Some chemical characteristics of Pistacia vera varieties produced in Turkey. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2003, 217, 308–310. [Google Scholar]
- Duke, J.A. CRC Handbook of Nuts; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL., 1989; pp. 240–243. [Google Scholar]
- Walheim, R.; Walheim, L. Western Fruit and Nuts; HP Books, Inc.: Tucson, AZ, 1981; p. 166. [Google Scholar]
- Tutin, T. G.; Heywood, V. H.; Burgess, N. A.; Moore, D. M.; Valentine, D. H.; Walters, S. M.; Webb, D. A. Flora Europaea; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K., 1968; Vol 2, p. 237. [Google Scholar]
- Magiatis, P.; Melliou, E.; Skaltsounis, A.L.; Chinou, I.B.; Mitaku, S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. Planta Med. 1999, 65, 749–751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paraschos, S.; Magiatis, P.; Mitaku, S.; Petraki, K.; Kaliaropoulos, A.; Maragoudakis, P.; Mentis, A.; Sgouras, D.; Skaltsounis, A.-L. In vitro and in vivo activity of chios mastic gum extracts and constituents against Helicobacter pylori Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007, 51, 551–559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kordali, S.; Cakir, A.; Zengin, H.; Duru, M.E. Antifungal activities of the leaves of three Pistacia species grown in Turkey. Fitoterapia 2003, 74, 164–167. [Google Scholar]
- Kawashty, A.; Mosharrata, S.A.M.; El-Gibali, M.; Saleh, N.A.M. The flavonoids of four Pistacia species in Egypt. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2000, 28, 915–917. [Google Scholar]
- Yalpani, M.; Tyman, J.H.P. Long-chain phenols.24. The phenolic acids of Pistacia vera. Phytochemisrty 1983, 22, 2263–2266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marner, F.J.; Freyer, A.; Lex, J. Triterpenoids from gum mastic, the resin of Pistacia lentiscus. Phytochemistry 1991, 30, 3709–3712. [Google Scholar]
- Alma, M.H.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Digrak, M.; Efe, F.T.; Yilmaz, N. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the gum of Turkish Pistachio (Pistacia vera). J. Agr. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 3911–3914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caputo, R.; Mangoni, L.; Monaco, P.; Palumbo, G.; Aynehchi, Y.; Bagheri, M. Triterpenes from bled resin of Pistacia vera. Phytochemistry 1978, 17, 815–817. [Google Scholar]
- Ramezani, M.; Khaje-Karamoddin, M.; Karimi-Fard. Chemical composition and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the essential oil of Pistacia vera. Pharm. Biol. 2004, 42, 488–490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozel, M.Z.; Gogus, F.; Hamilton, J.F.; Lewis, A.C. The essential oil of Pistacia vera L. at various temperatures of direct thermal desorption using comprehensive gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 2004, 60, 79–83. [Google Scholar]
- Duru, M.E.; Cakir, A.; Kordali, S.; Zengin; Harmandar, H.M.; Izumi, H.; Hirata, T. Chemical composition and antifungal properties of essential oils of three Pistacia species. Fitoterapia 2003, 74, 170–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raman, A.; Weir, U.; Bloomfield, S.F. Antimicrobial effects of tea-tree oil and its major components on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1995, 21, 242–245. [Google Scholar]
- Carson, C.F.; Riley, T.V. Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1995, 78, 264–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farooq, A.; Choudhary, M.I.; Atta-ur-Rahman; Tahara, S.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, F.Z. Detoxification of terpinolene by plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Z. Naturforsch. C 2002, 57, 863–866. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, H-J.; Chen, F.; Wu, C.; Wang, X.; Chung, H.Y.; Jin, Z. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil and Its Components. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 2849–2854. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graßmann, J.; Hippeli, S.; Spitzenberger, R.; Elstner, E.F. The monoterpene terpinolene from the oil of Pinus mugo L. in concert with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene effectively prevents oxidation of LDL. Phytomedicine 2005, 12, 416–423. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, I-K.; Lee, S-G.; Choi, D-H.; Park, J-D.; Ahn, Y-J. Insecticidal activities of constituents identified in the essential oil from leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 2003, 39, 375–384. [Google Scholar]
- Couladis, M.; Özcan, M.; Tzakou, O.; Akgül, A. Comparative essential oil composition of various parts of the turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus L) growing wild in Turkey. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2003, 83, 136–138. [Google Scholar]
- Barrero, A.F.; Herrador, M.M.; Arteaga, J.R.; Akssira, M.; Mellouki, F.; Belgarrabe, A.; Blázquez, M.A. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Pistacia atlantica Desf. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2005, 17, 52–54. [Google Scholar]
- Vidrich, V.; Fusi, P.; Graziano, A.; Silvestrini, E.; Michelozzi, M.; Marco, F. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2004, 16, 223–226. [Google Scholar]
- Flamini, G.; Bader, A.; Cioni, P.L.; Katbeh-Bader, A.; Morelli, I. Composition of the Essential Oil of Leaves, Galls, and Ripe and Unripe Fruits of Jordanian Pistacia palaestina Boiss. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 572–576. [Google Scholar]
- Adams, R.P. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectometry; Allured Publishing Corp.: Carol Stream, IL, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Sample Availability: Samples of the essential oils are available from the authors.
© 2007 by MDPI (http://www.mdpi.org). Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.
Share and Cite
Tsokou, A.; Georgopoulou, K.; Melliou, E.; Magiatis, P.; Tsitsa, E. Composition and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Fruits and the Leaves of Pistacia vera from Greece. Molecules 2007, 12, 1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/12061233
Tsokou A, Georgopoulou K, Melliou E, Magiatis P, Tsitsa E. Composition and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Fruits and the Leaves of Pistacia vera from Greece. Molecules. 2007; 12(6):1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/12061233
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsokou, Anastasia, Katerina Georgopoulou, Eleni Melliou, Prokopios Magiatis, and Eugenia Tsitsa. 2007. "Composition and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Fruits and the Leaves of Pistacia vera from Greece" Molecules 12, no. 6: 1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/12061233
APA StyleTsokou, A., Georgopoulou, K., Melliou, E., Magiatis, P., & Tsitsa, E. (2007). Composition and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Fruits and the Leaves of Pistacia vera from Greece. Molecules, 12(6), 1233-1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/12061233