High PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells Indicates Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth but Not in Other Oral Compartments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Specimen Preparation and Immunohistochemistry
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PD-L1 Expression
3.2. IL-33 Expression
3.3. Survival Analysis
3.3.1. Whole Cohort
3.3.2. Prognostic Significance of PD-L1 and IL-33 Expression in Various Locations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer |
CAFs | carcinoma-associated fibroblasts |
CI | confidence interval |
FFPE | formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded |
HR | hazard ratio |
IHC | immunohistochemistry |
IL-33 | interleukin 33 |
IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
M | lymph nodes |
N | metastasis |
OS | overall survival |
OSCC | oral squamous cell carcinoma |
p | p value |
PD-L1 | programmed cell death-ligand 1 |
ST2 | membrane receptor soluble interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 |
T | tumor |
TCs | tumor cells |
TILs | tumor infiltrating lymphocytes |
TMA | tissue microarray |
TME | tumor microenviroment |
TNM | tumor, lymph nodes, metastasis—TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors |
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Parameters | Case Number n (%) | PD-L1 on TCs | PD-L1 on TILs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low n (%) | High n (%) | p | Low n (%) | High n (%) | p | ||
Gender | |||||||
Female | 32 (33.68) | 16 (16.84) | 16 (16.84) | 0.607 | 20 (21.05) | 12 (12.63) | 0.292 |
Male | 63 (66.32) | 35 (36.84) | 28 (29.47) | 46 (48.42) | 17 (17.89) | ||
Smoking | |||||||
No | 22 (30.14) | 11 (15.07) | 11 (15.07) | 0.939 | 15 (20.55) | 7 (10.27) | 0.548 |
Yes | 51 (69.86) | 26 (35.62) | 25 (34.25) | 31 (42.47) | 20 (27.40) | ||
Alcohol | |||||||
No | 58 (80.56) | 29 (40.28) | 29 (40.28) | 1.000 | 35 (48.61) | 23 (31.94) | 0.415 |
Yes | 14 (19.44) | 7 (9.72) | 7 (9.72) | 10 (13.70) | 4 (5.56) | ||
Grade | |||||||
1 | 39 (42.05) | 22 (23.16) | 17 (17.89) | 0.656 | 26 (27.37) | 13 (13.68) | 0.620 |
2–3 | 56 (58.95) | 29 (30.53) | 27 (28.42) | 40 (42.11) | 16 (16.84) | ||
Stage | |||||||
I–II | 32 (42.67) | 17 (22.08) | 15 (15.79) | 0.832 | 14 (18.18) | 18 (18.18) | 0.004 * |
III–IV | 45 (57.33) | 25 (32.47) | 20 (25.97) | 34 (44.16) | 11 (14.29) | ||
T | |||||||
1–2 | 42 (55.26) | 23 (30.26) | 18 (23.68) | 0.874 | 23 (30.26) | 19 (25.00) | 0.157 |
3–4 | 34 (44.74) | 18 (23.68) | 16 (21.05) | 24 (31.58) | 10 (10.53) | ||
N | |||||||
0 | 39 (52.70) | 17 (22.97) | 22 (29.73) | 0.097 | 18 (24.32) | 21 (28.38) | 0.006 * |
1–3 | 35 (47.30) | 22 (29.73) | 13 (17.57) | 27 (36.49) | 8 (10.81) | ||
Location | |||||||
Tongue/ Floor of the oral cavity | 55 (57.89) | 35 (36.84) | 20 (21.05) | 0.022 * | 37 (38.95) | 18 (18.95) | 0.584 |
Other | 40 (42.11) | 16 (16.84) | 24 (25.26) | 29 (30.53) | 11 (11.58) |
Feature | Univariate Cox’s Proportional Hazard Analysis | Multivariate Cox Regression Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
Gender (Male vs. Female) | 1.026 (0.626–1.681) | 0.919 | ||
Smoking (No vs. Yes) | 0.738 (0.392–1.389) | 0.347 | ||
Alcohol (No vs. Yes) | 1.001 (0.485–2.065) | 0.997 | ||
Location (Tongue/floor of the oral cavity vs. other) | 0.957 (0.596–1.537) | 0.855 | ||
Grade (2–3 vs. 1) | 1.767 (1.074–2.906) | 0.025 * | ||
Stage (1–2 vs. 3–4) | 0.333 (0.185–0.598) | <0.001 * | ||
T (1–2 vs. 3–4) | 0.383 (0.221–0.664) | <0.001 * | ||
N (0 vs. 1–3) | 0.343 (0.196–0.600) | <0.001 * | 0.345 (0.193–0.617) | <0.001 |
PD-L1 TCs (high vs. low) | 0.991 (0.618–1.589) | 0.971 | ||
PD-L1 TILs (high vs. low) | 0.525 (0.306–0.902) | 0.012 * | ||
IL-33 TCs (positive vs. negative) | 0.837 (0.428–1.637) | 0.603 | ||
IL-33 TILs (positive vs. negative) | 1.036 (0.566–1.894) | 0.909 |
Multivariate Cox Regression Model | ||
---|---|---|
Feature | HR (95% CI) | p |
Tongue/Floor of the oral cavity | ||
T (1–2 vs. 3–4) | 0.229 (0.101–0.518) | <0.001 * |
PD-L1 TCs (high vs. low) | 2.514 (1.977–5.282) | 0.014 * |
Other locations | ||
N (0 vs. 1–3) | 0.239 (0.081–0.699) | 0.008 * |
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Adamski, Ł.J.; Starzyńska, A.; Adamska, P.; Kunc, M.; Sakowicz-Burkiewicz, M.; Marvaso, G.; Alterio, D.; Korwat, A.; Jereczek-Fossa, B.A.; Pęksa, R. High PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells Indicates Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth but Not in Other Oral Compartments. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091132
Adamski ŁJ, Starzyńska A, Adamska P, Kunc M, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Marvaso G, Alterio D, Korwat A, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Pęksa R. High PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells Indicates Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth but Not in Other Oral Compartments. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091132
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdamski, Łukasz Jan, Anna Starzyńska, Paulina Adamska, Michał Kunc, Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz, Giulia Marvaso, Daniela Alterio, Aleksandra Korwat, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa, and Rafał Pęksa. 2021. "High PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells Indicates Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth but Not in Other Oral Compartments" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091132