The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Study Area and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Method
4. Results
4.1. Social Demographics and Descriptive Results of the Respondents
4.2. Reliability Analysis
4.3. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
4.4. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
4.5. Relationships between Proposed Constructs
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Questionnaire on the Residents’ Attitudes toward Circular Economy in the Vietnam Mekong Delta
Gender | □ M □ F |
Age | □ ≤25 □ 26–35 □ 36–45 □ ≥45 |
Hometown | □ An Giang, Kien Giang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau |
□ Tra Vinh, Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Dong Thap | |
□ Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Vinh Long | |
Ethnic groups | □ Kinh |
□ Hoa □ Khmer □ Cham | |
□ Other | |
Monthly Salary (USD) | □ No income □ <150 USD □ 151–349 USD □ 350–500 USD □ 551–699 USD □ 700–899 USD □ >900 USD |
Occupation | Agri-aqua production |
Tourism | |
Family business | |
Airbnb | |
Government office | |
Others |
Items | Description | Strongly Disagree (SD) | Mildly Disagree (MD) | Neutral (N) | Mildly Agree (MA) | Strongly Agree (SA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PEE1 | 1. The sharing economy will promote coastal development through ecotourism in the VMD. | |||||
PEE2 | 2. The sharing economy will create employment opportunities such as tour guide, food services, housekeeper, etc. | |||||
PEE3 | 3. The sharing economy will generate extra income from shared accommodations for the VMD residents. | |||||
IRLC1 | 4. Airbnb will enhance local cultural exchange if local cultural values are incorporated such as home decor, souvenirs, and activities with local residents. | |||||
IRLC2 | 5. Airbnb will improve residents’ knowledge when participating in operating the Airbnb model in the VMD. | |||||
IRLC3 | 6. Airbnb will assist in conserving local ecosystems through linking to ecotourism in the VMD. | |||||
IRLC4 | 7. Airbnb will reduce environmental impacts (e.g., energy efficiency, food waste) on the VMD community. | |||||
PRLC1 | 8. Airbnb will allow strangers to cause disturbances in my daily life. | |||||
PRLC2 | 9. Airbnb will cause conflicts between coastal accommodation services and Airbnb hosts, leading to a highly competitive market. | |||||
PRLC3 | 10. Airbnb will increase noise pollution, affecting the local environment in the VMD community. | |||||
PRLC4 | 11. Airbnb will cause social problems, including alcoholism, that negatively affect the VMD community. | |||||
PRLC5 | 12. Airbnb will increase crime/robberies in the VMD. | |||||
PRLC6 | 13. Airbnb will cause difficulties in communication due to diverse cultures and different languages. | |||||
PEE1 | 14. The sharing economy will increase infrastructure costs. | |||||
PEE2 | 15. The sharing economy will increase the cost of preserving ecosystem value. | |||||
PEE3 | 16. The sharing economy will lead to uniformity of the ecological structure. |
Items | Description | Strongly Disagree (SD) | Mildly Disagree (MD) | Neutral (N) | Mildly Agree (MA) | Strongly Agree (SA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSDC1 | 17. I prefer to take full advantage of the coastal ecosystem to improve coastal sustainable development. | |||||
SSDC2 | 18. I am happy to introduce local culture to tourists. | |||||
SSDC3 | 19. I expect the ecological value of the coastal zones to be preserved. | |||||
SSDC4 | 20. I am willing to be involved in the interconnection of the sharing economy to foster ecotourist-based coastal sustainable development. |
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Demographics | Item | Subjects (n = 303) | |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage (%) | ||
Gender | Male | 161 | 53.1 |
Female | 142 | 46.9 | |
Age | Less than 25 | 42 | 13.9 |
26–35 | 64 | 21.1 | |
36–45 | 89 | 29.4 | |
More than 46 | 108 | 35.6 | |
Income (USD) | No Income | 12 | 4 |
<150 | 23 | 7.6 | |
151–349 | 26 | 8.6 | |
350–500 | 69 | 22.8 | |
551–699 | 45 | 14.9 | |
700–899 | 113 | 37.3 | |
>900 | 15 | 5 | |
Ethnic Group | Kinh | 199 | 65.7 |
Hoa | 28 | 9.2 | |
Khmer | 15 | 5 | |
Cham | 40 | 13.2 | |
Others | 21 | 6.9 | |
Occupation | Agri–aquaculture | 149 | 49.2 |
Tourism | 27 | 8.9 | |
Family Business | 78 | 25.7 | |
Airbnb | 14 | 4.6 | |
Government Office | 11 | 3.6 | |
Others | 24 | 7.9 |
Construct | Strongly Disagree (%) | Disagree (%) | Neutral (%) | Agree (%) | Strongly Agree (%) | Mean | Std. Deviation | Factor Loading | Composite Reliability | Average Extracted Variance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expected Positive Economic Effects (PEE) | 0.804 | 0.58 | ||||||||
PEE1 | 0.30% | 4.00% | 12.90% | 32.30% | 50.50% | 4.29 | 0.861 | 0.757 | ||
PEE2 | 0.30% | 3.30% | 13.50% | 27.10% | 55.80% | 4.35 | 0.859 | 0.749 | ||
PEE3 | 0.30% | 3.60% | 10.90% | 31.00% | 54.10% | 4.35 | 0.84 | 0.721 | ||
Positive Improvement on Residents’ Living Condition from Airbnb (IRLC) | 4.27 | 0.801 | 0.574 | |||||||
IRLC1 | 0.00% | 3.30% | 13.20% | 35.30% | 48.20% | 4.28 | 0.817 | 0.699 | ||
IRLC2 | 0.00% | 3.30% | 14.90% | 34.00% | 47.90% | 4.26 | 0.832 | 0.778 | ||
IRLC3 | 0.00% | 3.60% | 13.90% | 35.60% | 46.90% | 4.26 | 0.83 | 0.76 | ||
IRLC4 | 3.60% | 4.60% | 14.20% | 35.00% | 42.60% | 4.08 | 1.037 | x | ||
Pressures on Residents’ Living Conditions from Airbnb (PRLC) | 0.861 | 0.508 | ||||||||
PRLC1 | 18.50% | 35.00% | 30.00% | 13.50% | 3.00% | 2.48 | 1.035 | 0.649 | ||
PRLC2 | 17.20% | 34.70% | 29.70% | 14.50% | 3.00% | 2.52 | 1.029 | 0.66 | ||
PRLC3 | 16.80% | 41.30% | 24.40% | 26.40% | 1.00% | 2.46 | 1.028 | 0.701 | ||
PRLC4 | 21.10% | 30.00% | 31.00% | 15.50% | 2.30% | 2.48 | 1.06 | 0.766 | ||
PRLC5 | 21.10% | 33.70% | 28.10% | 13.90% | 3.30% | 2.45 | 1.072 | 0.69 | ||
PRLC6 | 19.80% | 32.00% | 31.40% | 13.50% | 3.30% | 2.49 | 1.057 | 0.769 | ||
Positive Economic Pressures (PEP) | 0.804 | 0.555 | ||||||||
PEE1 | 4.30% | 40.30% | 32.00% | 18.20% | 5.30% | 2.8 | 0.964 | 0.802 | ||
PEE2 | 10.20% | 34.00% | 34.00% | 16.50% | 5.30% | 2.73 | 1.027 | 0.761 | ||
PEE3 | 5.90% | 33.30% | 38.60% | 17.80% | 4.30% | 2.81 | 0.943 | 0.573 | ||
Support for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zones (SSDC) | 0.8 | 0.501 | ||||||||
SSDC1 | 0.00% | 4.60% | 14.50% | 34.70% | 46.20% | 4.22 | 0.863 | 0.658 | ||
SSDC2 | 0.00% | 4.30% | 17.20% | 30.70% | 47.90% | 4.22 | 0.881 | 0.739 | ||
SSDC3 | 0.70% | 4.00% | 11.90% | 35.30% | 48.20% | 4.26 | 0.867 | 0.725 | ||
SSDC4 | 0.30% | 5.60% | 10.60% | 37.60% | 45.90% | 4.23 | 0.876 | 0.689 |
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He, J.; Mai, T.H.T. The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137493
He J, Mai THT. The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137493
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Jianjia, and Thi Hoai Thuong Mai. 2021. "The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137493