Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The alignment of the nuclear spins along the applied external magnetic field.
- The perturbation of this alignment using a weak oscillating magnetic field.
- The detection of the NMR signal (voltage induced in a detection coil).
2. Chemical Connectivity
2.1. Inorganic Films
2.2. Organic Films
3. Recent Advancement in NMR Strategies and Hardware Design
3.1. Hardware Advancements (Probe and Coil Design)
3.2. Sensitivity Detection (MRFM, β-Magnet)
3.3. Polarization Enhancement (Natural Abundance DNP versus Thin Films)
4. High-Tech Opportunities beyond Conventional Methods
4.1. Ultra-Fast MAS Spinning for 1H, 19F and Heavy Spin-½ Nuclei
4.2. Ultra-High Magnetic Fields for Quadrupole Nuclei
4.3. Isotopic Enrichment of NMR Active Nuclei vs. Paramagnetic Doping for Sensitivity Boosting
4.4. Advanced Hyperpolarization Techniques
4.5. NMR Techniques beyond Spectroscopy (NMR Diffusometry, Fast Field Cycle NMR, Zero Field NMR, Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
5. Summary, Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NMR Active Nuclei | Chemical Connectivity | Solid State NMR Technique | References |
---|---|---|---|
1H | Organic/Inorganic | 1D, 2D MAS and multiple quantum | [61,62,63,64] |
2H | Organic | 1D, 2D MAS | [69,70] |
7,8Li | Inorganic | 1D MAS and β-NMR | [71,72,73] |
11B | Inorganic | 1D MAS | [74] |
13C | Organic | 1D, 2D MAS | [65,66,67,68] |
14,15N | Inorganic | High-field NMR | [72,75] |
17O | Inorganic | fast MAS, isotopic enrichment | [76] |
19F | Organic/Inorganic | 1D MAS, MRFM | [77,78,79] |
27Al | Inorganic | 1D, 2D MAS, high-field NMR | [80,81,82,83] |
29Si | Organic/Inorganic | 1D MAS | [84,85,86,87] |
31P | Organic/Inorganic | 1D, 2D MAS, DNP | [71,72,86,88,89] |
55Mn | Inorganic | NMR relaxometry | [90,91,92] |
59Co | Inorganic | NMR relaxometry | [93,94,95] |
69,71Ga | Inorganic | High-field NMR | [75,96] |
75As | Inorganic | 1D MAS | [97] |
89Y | Inorganic | 1D MAS | [98] |
129Xe | Inorganic | Hyper-polarization | [99,100] |
207Pd | Inorganic | Fast MAS, DNP | [101] |
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El Hariri El Nokab, M.; Sebakhy, K.O. Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061494
El Hariri El Nokab M, Sebakhy KO. Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(6):1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061494
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl Hariri El Nokab, Mustapha, and Khaled O. Sebakhy. 2021. "Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review" Nanomaterials 11, no. 6: 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061494