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Keywords = wireless biomedicine

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15 pages, 9208 KB  
Article
A High-Resolution Magnetic Field Imaging System Based on the Unpackaged Hall Element Array
by Jiangwei Cai, Tan Zhou, Yishen Xu and Xin Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5788; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135788 - 2 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3627
Abstract
We have designed a high-resolution magnetic field imaging system using 256 unpackaged Hall elements. These unpackaged Hall elements are arranged in a Hall linear array, and the distance between adjacent elements reaches 255 µm. The sensitivity of the unpackaged Hall element array can [...] Read more.
We have designed a high-resolution magnetic field imaging system using 256 unpackaged Hall elements. These unpackaged Hall elements are arranged in a Hall linear array, and the distance between adjacent elements reaches 255 µm. The sensitivity of the unpackaged Hall element array can be adjusted using a computer to measure magnetic environments with different magnetic field strengths. High-resolution magnetic field images of 256 × 256 pixels can be generated by moving the array using the X–Y axis motorized rail. This spatial resolution can reach 99.61 pixels per inch (ppi). This rail allows for the spatial resolution of the system to be further increased to 199.22 ppi by using a special movement route. In the experiments, we employ this system to image magnetized metal scissors, and the result displays the structural features of the scissor surface. We also detected the magnetic suction wireless charging coil inside an Apple phone. The image obtained shows the shape of the coil and the gap between the magnets. The high-resolution magnetic imaging system displays the magnetic characteristics of the sample very well and easily obtains information about small-shaped structures and defects on the sample surface. This provides the system with potential in several fields such as quality inspection, security, biomedicine, and detection imaging. Full article
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38 pages, 24263 KB  
Review
Recent Progress in Micro- and Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges
by Francisco J. Tovar-Lopez
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5406; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125406 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 136 | Viewed by 20735
Abstract
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, [...] Read more.
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety. Despite notable progress, numerous challenges persist. This review article addresses recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors for biomedical and environmental challenges, focusing on enhancing basic sensing techniques through micro/nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores the applications of these sensors in addressing current challenges in both biomedical and environmental domains. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to expand the detection capabilities of sensors/devices, enhance sensitivity and selectivity, integrate wireless communication and energy-harvesting technologies, and optimize sample preparation, material selection, and automated components for sensor design, fabrication, and characterization. Full article
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19 pages, 2617 KB  
Review
Droplet Manipulation under a Magnetic Field: A Review
by Gui-Ping Zhu, Qi-Yue Wang, Zhao-Kun Ma, Shi-Hua Wu and Yi-Pan Guo
Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12030156 - 2 Mar 2022
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 8721
Abstract
The magnetic manipulation of droplets is one of the emerging magnetofluidic technologies that integrate multiple disciplines, such as electromagnetics, fluid mechanics and so on. The directly driven droplets are mainly composed of ferrofluid or liquid metal. This kind of magnetically induced droplet manipulation [...] Read more.
The magnetic manipulation of droplets is one of the emerging magnetofluidic technologies that integrate multiple disciplines, such as electromagnetics, fluid mechanics and so on. The directly driven droplets are mainly composed of ferrofluid or liquid metal. This kind of magnetically induced droplet manipulation provides a remote, wireless and programmable approach beneficial for research and engineering applications, such as drug synthesis, biochemistry, sample preparation in life sciences, biomedicine, tissue engineering, etc. Based on the significant growth in the study of magneto droplet handling achieved over the past decades, further and more profound explorations in this field gained impetus, raising concentrations on the construction of a comprehensive working mechanism and the commercialization of this technology. Current challenges faced are not limited to the design and fabrication of the magnetic field, the material, the acquisition of precise and stable droplet performance, other constraints in processing speed and so on. The rotational devices or systems could give rise to additional issues on bulky appearance, high cost, low reliability, etc. Various magnetically introduced droplet behaviors, such as deformation, displacement, rotation, levitation, splitting and fusion, are mainly introduced in this work, involving the basic theory, functions and working principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics for Biomedical Applications)
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23 pages, 4236 KB  
Article
An Energy Balance Clustering Routing Protocol for Intra-Body Wireless Nanosensor Networks
by Juan Xu, Yan Zhang, Jiaolong Jiang and Jiali Kan
Sensors 2019, 19(22), 4875; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224875 - 8 Nov 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6895
Abstract
Wireless NanoSensor Networks (WNSNs) are a new type of network that combines nanotechnology and sensor networks. Because WNSNs have great application prospects in intra-body health monitoring, biomedicine and damage detection, intra-body Wireless NanoSensor Networks (iWNSNs) have become a new research hotspot. An energy [...] Read more.
Wireless NanoSensor Networks (WNSNs) are a new type of network that combines nanotechnology and sensor networks. Because WNSNs have great application prospects in intra-body health monitoring, biomedicine and damage detection, intra-body Wireless NanoSensor Networks (iWNSNs) have become a new research hotspot. An energy balance clustering routing protocol (EBCR) is proposed for the intra-body nanosensor nodes with low computing and processing capabilities, short communication range and limited energy storage. The protocol reduces the communication load of nano-nodes by adopting a new hierarchical clustering method. The nano-nodes in the cluster can transmit data directly to the cluster head nodes by one-hop, and the cluster head nodes can transmit data to the nano control node by multi-hop routing among themselves. Furthermore, there is a tradeoff between distance and channel capacity when choosing the next hop node in order to reduce energy consumption while ensuring successful data packet transmission. The simulation results show that the protocol has great advantages in balancing energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and ensuring data packet transmission success rate. It can be seen that EBCR protocol can be used as an effective routing scheme for iWNSNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Sensors Networks for E-Health Applications)
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13 pages, 2853 KB  
Review
Graphene Nanomaterials-Based Radio-Frequency/Microwave Biosensors for Biomaterials Detection
by Hee-Jo Lee and Jong-Gwan Yook
Materials 2019, 12(6), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12060952 - 21 Mar 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7739
Abstract
In this paper, the advances in radio-frequency (RF)/microwave biosensors based on graphene nanomaterials including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are reviewed. From a few frontier studies, recently developed graphene nanomaterials-based RF/microwave biosensors are examined in-depth and discussed. Finally, the [...] Read more.
In this paper, the advances in radio-frequency (RF)/microwave biosensors based on graphene nanomaterials including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are reviewed. From a few frontier studies, recently developed graphene nanomaterials-based RF/microwave biosensors are examined in-depth and discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the next-generation RF/microwave biosensors for wireless biomedical applications are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene in Biomedical Application)
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4 pages, 133 KB  
Editorial
Intelligent Membranes: Dream or Reality?
by Annarosa Gugliuzza
Membranes 2013, 3(3), 151-154; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes3030151 - 15 Jul 2013
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7977
Abstract
Intelligent materials are claimed to overcome current drawbacks associated with the attainment of high standards of life, health, security and defense. Membrane-based sensors represent a category of smart systems capable of providing a large number of benefits to different markets of textiles, biomedicine, [...] Read more.
Intelligent materials are claimed to overcome current drawbacks associated with the attainment of high standards of life, health, security and defense. Membrane-based sensors represent a category of smart systems capable of providing a large number of benefits to different markets of textiles, biomedicine, environment, chemistry, agriculture, architecture, transport and energy. Intelligent membranes can be characterized by superior sensitivity, broader dynamic range and highly sophisticated mechanisms of autorecovery. These prerogatives are regarded as the result of multi-compartment arrays, where complementary functions can be accommodated and well-integrated. Based on the mechanism of “sense to act”, stimuli-responsive membranes adapt themselves to surrounding environments, producing desired effects such as smart regulation of transport, wetting, transcription, hydrodynamics, separation, and chemical or energy conversion. Hopefully, the design of new smart devices easier to manufacture and assemble can be realized through the integration of sensing membranes with wireless networks, looking at the ambitious challenge to establish long-distance communications. Thus, the transfer of signals to collecting systems could allow continuous and real-time monitoring of data, events and/or processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responsive Polymer Membranes)
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40 pages, 1376 KB  
Review
A Review on Architectures and Communications Technologies for Wearable Health-Monitoring Systems
by Víctor Custodio, Francisco J. Herrera, Gregorio López and José Ignacio Moreno
Sensors 2012, 12(10), 13907-13946; https://doi.org/10.3390/s121013907 - 16 Oct 2012
Cited by 128 | Viewed by 16093
Abstract
Nowadays society is demanding more and more smart healthcare services that allow monitoring patient status in a non-invasive way, anywhere and anytime. Thus, healthcare applications are currently facing important challenges guided by the u-health (ubiquitous health) and p-health (pervasive health) paradigms. New emerging [...] Read more.
Nowadays society is demanding more and more smart healthcare services that allow monitoring patient status in a non-invasive way, anywhere and anytime. Thus, healthcare applications are currently facing important challenges guided by the u-health (ubiquitous health) and p-health (pervasive health) paradigms. New emerging technologies can be combined with other widely deployed ones to develop such next-generation healthcare systems. The main objective of this paper is to review and provide more details on the work presented in “LOBIN: E-Textile and Wireless-Sensor-Network-Based Platform for Healthcare Monitoring in Future Hospital Environments”, published in the IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, as well as to extend and update the comparison with other similar systems. As a result, the paper discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of using different architectures and communications technologies to develop wearable systems for pervasive healthcare applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Sensor Networks for Healthcare and Pervasive Applications)
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