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Keywords = virtio

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14 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
KHV: KVM-Based Heterogeneous Virtualization
by Chunqiang Li, Ren Guo, Xianting Tian and Huibin Wang
Electronics 2022, 11(16), 2631; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162631 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4494
Abstract
A KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is subject to the complexity of the Linux kernel and the difficulty and cost of safety certification; thus, it is not popularized in embedded high-reliability scenarios. This paper proposes a KVM-based Heterogeneous Virtualization (KHV), which is independent of [...] Read more.
A KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is subject to the complexity of the Linux kernel and the difficulty and cost of safety certification; thus, it is not popularized in embedded high-reliability scenarios. This paper proposes a KVM-based Heterogeneous Virtualization (KHV), which is independent of hardware virtualization (KVM mandatory virtualization), follows the principle of static partitioning, localizes the hypervisor, and inherits the KVM software ecosystem. KHV balances the demands of static partitioning and flexible sharing in the embedded system. The paper implemented KHV on the RISC-V Xuantie C910 CPU-based SoC and conducted a performance comparison with KVM. The experiment shows that KHV is 50% smaller than KVM in terms of fluctuation, and KHV makes the guest OS have the same performance as the bare-metal OS in scheduler benchmarks, whereas KVM dropped an average of 28%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and New Technologies in Embedded Systems)
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12 pages, 3465 KiB  
Article
Direct-Virtio: A New Direct Virtualized I/O Framework for NVMe SSDs
by Sewoog Kim, Heekwon Park and Jongmoo Choi
Electronics 2021, 10(17), 2058; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172058 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5781
Abstract
Virtualization is a core technology for cloud computing, server consolidation and multi-platform support. However, there is a concern regarding performance degradation due to the duplicated I/O stacks virtualization environments. In this paper, we propose a new I/O framework, we refer to it as [...] Read more.
Virtualization is a core technology for cloud computing, server consolidation and multi-platform support. However, there is a concern regarding performance degradation due to the duplicated I/O stacks virtualization environments. In this paper, we propose a new I/O framework, we refer to it as Direct-Virtio, that manipulates storage directly, which makes it feasible to avoid the duplicated overhead. In addition, we devise two novel mechanisms, called vectored I/O and adaptive polling, to process multiple I/O requests collectively and to check I/O completion efficiently. Real implementation-based evaluation shows that our proposal can enhance performance for both micro and macro benchmarks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Implementation of Efficient Future Memory Systems)
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18 pages, 5192 KiB  
Article
NetAP: Adaptive Polling Technique for Network Packet Processing in Virtualized Environments
by Hyunchan Park, Juyong Seong, Munkyu Lee, Kyungwoon Lee and Cheol-Ho Hong
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5219; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155219 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2977
Abstract
In cloud systems, computing resources, such as the CPU, memory, network, and storage devices, are virtualized and shared by multiple users. In recent decades, methods to virtualize these resources efficiently have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, the current virtualization techniques cannot achieve effective I/O [...] Read more.
In cloud systems, computing resources, such as the CPU, memory, network, and storage devices, are virtualized and shared by multiple users. In recent decades, methods to virtualize these resources efficiently have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, the current virtualization techniques cannot achieve effective I/O virtualization when packets are transferred between a virtual machine and a host system. For example, VirtIO, which is a network device driver for KVM-based virtualization, adopts an interrupt-based packet-delivery mechanism, and incurs frequent switch overheads between the virtual machine and the host system. Therefore, VirtIO wastes valuable CPU resources and decreases network performance. To address this limitation, this paper proposes an adaptive polling-based network I/O processing technique, called NetAP, for virtualized environments. NetAP processes network requests via a periodical polling-based mechanism. For this purpose, NetAP adopts the golden-section search algorithm to determine the near-optimal polling interval for various workloads with different characteristics. We implement NetAP in a Linux kernel and evaluated it with up to six virtual machines. The evaluation results show that NetAP can improve the network performance of virtual machines by up to 31.16%, while only using 32.92% of the host CPU time used by VirtIO for packet processing. Full article
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