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Keywords = thermosynthesis

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15 pages, 2335 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Chemical and Physical Characteristics of an Edible Film Based on Native Potato Starch and Nopal Mucilage
by David Choque-Quispe, Sandro Froehner, Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Henry Palomino-Rincón, Yudith Choque-Quispe, Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso, Fredy Taipe-Pardo, Lourdes Magaly Zamalloa-Puma, Miriam Calla-Florez, Miriam E. Obregón-Yupanqui, Miluska M. Zamalloa-Puma and Antonieta Mojo-Quisani
Polymers 2021, 13(21), 3719; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213719 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4606
Abstract
Edible films prepared from biological materials are being massively used. This study aimed to prepare edible films from native potato starch of the Allcca sipas variety (Solanum tuberosum subsp. Andigena), nopal mucilage (Opuntia ficus indica), and glycerol. Twelve edible films were [...] Read more.
Edible films prepared from biological materials are being massively used. This study aimed to prepare edible films from native potato starch of the Allcca sipas variety (Solanum tuberosum subsp. Andigena), nopal mucilage (Opuntia ficus indica), and glycerol. Twelve edible films were prepared with starch, mucilage, and glycerin in different proportions by thermosynthesis. It was observed that mucilage and glycerol have a significant direct effect on film solubility and an inverse effect on aw, while the effect of starch is the opposite. The aw ranged from 0.562 to 0.639. The FTIR analysis showed the interaction of the components in the films being considerably influenced by the addition of mucilage. The TGA/DTA analysis reported low thermal stability in the films, retaining water around 100 °C, and showing a tendency to lose weight when the content of starch is high, while the opposite occurred with the addition of mucilage; it was also observed that around 310 °C, the maximum weight loss was observed between 53.6 and 86.1%. SEM images showed uniform films without cracks. The results are promising and show the possibility of preparing edible films from native potato starch and mucilage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Circular and Green Sustainable Polymer Science)
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50 pages, 1242 KiB  
Article
Emergence of Animals from Heat Engines – Part 1. Before the Snowball Earths
by Anthonie W. J. Muller
Entropy 2009, 11(3), 463-512; https://doi.org/10.3390/e11030463 - 18 Sep 2009
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 14090
Abstract
The origin of life has previously been modeled by biological heat engines driven by thermal cycling, caused by suspension in convecting water. Here more complex heat engines are invoked to explain the origin of animals in the thermal gradient above a submarine hydrothermal [...] Read more.
The origin of life has previously been modeled by biological heat engines driven by thermal cycling, caused by suspension in convecting water. Here more complex heat engines are invoked to explain the origin of animals in the thermal gradient above a submarine hydrothermal vent. Thermal cycling by a filamentous protein ‘thermotether’ was the result of a temperature-gradient induced relaxation oscillation not impeded by the low Reynolds number of a small scale. During evolution a ‘flagellar proton pump’ emerged that resembled Feynman’s ratchet and that turned into today’s bacterial flagellar motor. An emerged ‘flagellar computer’ functioning as Turing machine implemented chemotaxis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics)
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