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Keywords = synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF)

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34 pages, 11952 KB  
Article
The Distribution and Biogenic Origins of Zinc in the Mineralised Tooth Tissues of Modern and Fossil Hominoids: Implications for Life History, Diet and Taphonomy
by M. Christopher Dean, Jan Garrevoet, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Frédéric Santos, Marta Mirazón Lahr, Robert Foley and Adeline Le Cabec
Biology 2023, 12(12), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121455 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3054
Abstract
Zinc is incorporated into enamel, dentine and cementum during tooth growth. This work aimed to distinguish between the processes underlying Zn incorporation and Zn distribution. These include different mineralisation processes, the physiological events around birth, Zn ingestion with diet, exposure to the oral [...] Read more.
Zinc is incorporated into enamel, dentine and cementum during tooth growth. This work aimed to distinguish between the processes underlying Zn incorporation and Zn distribution. These include different mineralisation processes, the physiological events around birth, Zn ingestion with diet, exposure to the oral environment during life and diagenetic changes to fossil teeth post-mortem. Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (SXRF) was used to map zinc distribution across longitudinal polished ground sections of both deciduous and permanent modern human, great ape and fossil hominoid teeth. Higher resolution fluorescence intensity maps were used to image Zn in surface enamel, secondary dentine and cementum, and at the neonatal line (NNL) and enamel–dentine–junction (EDJ) in deciduous teeth. Secondary dentine was consistently Zn-rich, but the highest concentrations of Zn (range 197–1743 ppm) were found in cuspal, mid-lateral and cervical surface enamel and were similar in unerupted teeth never exposed to the oral environment. Zinc was identified at the NNL and EDJ in both modern and fossil deciduous teeth. In fossil specimens, diagenetic changes were identified in various trace element distributions but only demineralisation appeared to markedly alter Zn distribution. Zinc appears to be tenacious and stable in fossil tooth tissues, especially in enamel, over millions of years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolutionary Insights into Life History)
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9 pages, 8817 KB  
Communication
SXRF for Studying the Distribution of Trace Metals in the Pancreas and Liver
by Marko Z. Vatamaniuk, Rong Huang, Zeping Zhao and Xin Gen Lei
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040846 - 1 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Transition metals such as iron, copper and zinc are required for the normal functioning of biological tissues, whereas others, such as cadmium, are potentially highly toxic. Any disturbances in homeostasis caused by lack of micronutrients in the diet, pollution or genetic heredity result [...] Read more.
Transition metals such as iron, copper and zinc are required for the normal functioning of biological tissues, whereas others, such as cadmium, are potentially highly toxic. Any disturbances in homeostasis caused by lack of micronutrients in the diet, pollution or genetic heredity result in malfunction and/or diseases. Here, we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, SXRF, microscopy and mice with altered functions of major antioxidant enzymes to show that SXRF may become a powerful tool to study biologically relevant metal balance in the pancreas and liver of mice models with disturbed glucose homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trace Elements Metabolism and Oxidative Stress)
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17 pages, 2536 KB  
Review
Plant Calcium Content: Ready to Remodel
by Jian Yang, Tracy Punshon, Mary Lou Guerinot and Kendal D. Hirschi
Nutrients 2012, 4(8), 1120-1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4081120 - 21 Aug 2012
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 12692
Abstract
By identifying the relationship between calcium location in the plant cell and nutrient bioavailability, the plant characteristics leading to maximal calcium absorption by humans can be identified. Knowledge of plant cellular and molecular targets controlling calcium location in plants is emerging. These insights [...] Read more.
By identifying the relationship between calcium location in the plant cell and nutrient bioavailability, the plant characteristics leading to maximal calcium absorption by humans can be identified. Knowledge of plant cellular and molecular targets controlling calcium location in plants is emerging. These insights should allow for better strategies for increasing the nutritional content of foods. In particular, the use of preparation-free elemental imaging technologies such as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microscopy in plant biology may allow researchers to understand the relationship between subcellular location and nutrient bioavailability. These approaches may lead to better strategies for altering the location of calcium within the plant to maximize its absorption from fruits and vegetables. These modified foods could be part of a diet for children and adults identified as at-risk for low calcium intake or absorption with the ultimate goal of decreasing the incidence and severity of inadequate bone mineralization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Minerals)
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